Matthew 14
14
Herod’s Opinion of Jesus. 1#The murder of the Baptist by Herod Antipas prefigures the death of Jesus (see Mt 17:12). The Marcan source (Mk 6:14–29) is much reduced and in some points changed. In Mark Herod reveres John as a holy man and the desire to kill him is attributed to Herodias (Mk 6:19, 20), whereas here that desire is Herod’s from the beginning (Mt 14:5). #Mk 6:14–29. At that time Herod the tetrarch#Herod the tetrarch: Herod Antipas, son of Herod the Great. When the latter died, his territory was divided among three of his surviving sons, Archelaus who received half of it (Mt 2:23), Herod Antipas who became ruler of Galilee and Perea, and Philip who became ruler of northern Transjordan. Since he received a quarter of his father’s domain, Antipas is accurately designated tetrarch (“ruler of a fourth [part]”), although in Mt 14:9 Matthew repeats the “king” of his Marcan source (Mk 6:26). #Lk 9:7–9. heard of the reputation of Jesus#Lk 3:1. 2and said to his servants, “This man is John the Baptist. He has been raised from the dead; that is why mighty powers are at work in him.”
The Death of John the Baptist. 3#Lk 3:19–20. Now Herod had arrested John, bound [him], and put him in prison on account of Herodias,#Herodias was not the wife of Herod’s half-brother Philip but of another half-brother, Herod Boethus. The union was prohibited by Lv 18:16; 20:21. According to Josephus (Antiquities 18:116–19), Herod imprisoned and then executed John because he feared that the Baptist’s influence over the people might enable him to lead a rebellion. the wife of his brother Philip, 4#Lv 18:16; 20:21. for John had said to him, “It is not lawful for you to have her.” 5#21:26. Although he wanted to kill him, he feared the people, for they regarded him as a prophet. 6But at a birthday celebration for Herod, the daughter of Herodias performed a dance before the guests and delighted Herod 7so much that he swore to give her whatever she might ask for. 8Prompted by her mother, she said, “Give me here on a platter the head of John the Baptist.” 9The king was distressed, but because of his oaths and the guests who were present, he ordered that it be given, 10and he had John beheaded in the prison. 11His head was brought in on a platter and given to the girl, who took it to her mother. 12His disciples came and took away the corpse and buried him; and they went and told Jesus.
The Return of the Twelve and the Feeding of the Five Thousand.#The feeding of the five thousand is the only miracle of Jesus that is recounted in all four gospels. The principal reason for that may be that it was seen as anticipating the Eucharist and the final banquet in the kingdom (Mt 8:11; 26:29), but it looks not only forward but backward, to the feeding of Israel with manna in the desert at the time of the Exodus (Ex 16), a miracle that in some contemporary Jewish expectation would be repeated in the messianic age (2 Bar 29:8). It may also be meant to recall Elisha’s feeding a hundred men with small provisions (2 Kgs 4:42–44). 13#15:32–38; Mk 6:32–44; Lk 9:10–17; Jn 6:1–13. When Jesus heard of it, he withdrew in a boat to a deserted place by himself. The crowds heard of this and followed him on foot from their towns. 14When he disembarked and saw the vast crowd, his heart was moved with pity for them, and he cured their sick. 15When it was evening, the disciples approached him and said, “This is a deserted place and it is already late; dismiss the crowds so that they can go to the villages and buy food for themselves.” 16[Jesus] said to them, “There is no need for them to go away; give them some food yourselves.” 17But they said to him, “Five loaves and two fish are all we have here.” 18Then he said, “Bring them here to me,” 19and he ordered the crowds to sit down on the grass. Taking#The taking, saying the blessing, breaking, and giving to the disciples correspond to the actions of Jesus over the bread at the Last Supper (Mt 26:26). Since they were usual at any Jewish meal, that correspondence does not necessarily indicate a eucharistic reference here. Matthew’s silence about Jesus’ dividing the fish among the people (Mk 6:41) is perhaps more significant in that regard. the five loaves and the two fish, and looking up to heaven, he said the blessing, broke the loaves, and gave them to the disciples, who in turn gave them to the crowds. 20They all ate and were satisfied, and they picked up the fragments left over#The fragments left over: as in Elisha’s miracle, food was left over after all had been fed. The word fragments (Greek klasmata) is used, in the singular, of the broken bread of the Eucharist in Didache 9:3–4.—twelve wicker baskets full. 21Those who ate were about five thousand men, not counting women and children.
The Walking on the Water.#The disciples, laboring against the turbulent sea, are saved by Jesus. For his power over the waters, see note on Mt 8:26. Here that power is expressed also by his walking on the sea (Mt 14:25; cf. Ps 77:20; Jb 9:8). Matthew has inserted into the Marcan story (Mk 6:45–52) material that belongs to his special traditions on Peter (Mt 14:28–31). 22#Mk 6:45–52; Jn 6:16–21. Then he made the disciples get into the boat and precede him to the other side, while he dismissed the crowds. 23#Mk 1:35; Lk 5:16; 6:12. After doing so, he went up on the mountain by himself to pray. When it was evening he was there alone. 24Meanwhile the boat, already a few miles offshore, was being tossed about by the waves, for the wind was against it. 25During the fourth watch of the night,#The fourth watch of the night: between 3 a.m. and 6 a.m. The Romans divided the twelve hours between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. into four equal parts called “watches.” he came toward them, walking on the sea. 26When the disciples saw him walking on the sea they were terrified. “It is a ghost,” they said, and they cried out in fear. 27At once [Jesus] spoke to them, “Take courage, it is I;#It is I: see note on Mk 6:50. do not be afraid.” 28Peter said to him in reply, “Lord, if it is you, command me to come to you on the water.” 29He said, “Come.” Peter got out of the boat and began to walk on the water toward Jesus. 30#8:25–26. But when he saw how [strong] the wind was he became frightened; and, beginning to sink, he cried out, “Lord, save me!” 31Immediately Jesus stretched out his hand and caught him, and said to him, “O you of little faith,#You of little faith: see note on Mt 6:30. Why did you doubt?: the verb is peculiar to Matthew and occurs elsewhere only in Mt 28:17. why did you doubt?” 32After they got into the boat, the wind died down. 33#This confession is in striking contrast to the Marcan parallel (Mk 6:51) where the disciples are “completely astounded.” #16:16. Those who were in the boat did him homage, saying, “Truly, you are the Son of God.”
The Healings at Gennesaret. 34#Mk 6:53–56. After making the crossing, they came to land at Gennesaret. 35When the men of that place recognized him, they sent word to all the surrounding country. People brought to him all those who were sick 36#9:20–22. and begged him that they might touch only the tassel on his cloak, and as many as touched it were healed.
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Matthew 14
14
Herod Kills John the Baptist
1 At that time Herod the tetrarch heard the report about Jesus 2and he said to his servants, “This is John the Baptist! He has been raised from the dead, and for this reason miraculous powers are at work in him.” 3For Herod, after#*Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“arresting”) which is understood as temporal arresting John, bound him and put him#*Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation in prison on account of Herodias, the wife of his brother Philip, 4because John had been saying to him, “It is not permitted for you to have her.” 5And although he#*Here “although” is supplied as a component of the participle (“wanted”) which is understood as concessive wanted to kill him, he feared the crowd, because they looked upon him as a prophet.
6But when#*Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“took place”) which is understood as temporal Herod’s birthday celebration took place, the daughter of Herodias danced in the midst of them and pleased Herod. 7Therefore he promised with an oath to give her whatever she asked. 8And coached by her mother, she said, “Give me the head of John the Baptist here on a platter!” 9And although#*Here “although” is supplied as a component of the participle (“was distressed”) which is understood as concessive the king was distressed, because of his oaths and his dinner guests#Literally “those reclining at table with” he commanded the request#*Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation to be granted. 10And he sent orders#*Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation and#*Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“sent”) has been translated as a finite verb had John beheaded in the prison, 11and his head was brought on a platter and given to the girl, and she brought it#*Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation to her mother. 12And his disciples came and#*Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“came”) has been translated as a finite verb took away the corpse and buried it, and went and#*Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“went”) has been translated as a finite verb told Jesus.
The Feeding of Five Thousand
13Now when#*Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal Jesus heard it,#*Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation he withdrew from there in a boat to an isolated place by himself. And when#*Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“heard”) which is understood as temporal the crowds heard it,#*Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation they followed him by land from the towns. 14And as he#*Here “as” is supplied as a component of the participle (“got out”) which is understood as temporal got out, he saw the large crowd and had compassion on them and healed their sick. 15Now when it#*Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“was”) was evening, the disciples came to him saying, “The place is desolate and the hour is late.#Literally “has passed away” Release the crowds so that they can go away into the villages and#*Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“go away”) has been translated as a finite verb purchase food for themselves.” 16But Jesus said to them, “They do not need#Literally “have need” to go away. You give them something#*Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation to eat.” 17And they said to him, “We do not have anything#*Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation here except five loaves and two fish.” 18So he said, “Bring them here to me.” 19And he commanded the crowds to recline for a meal on the grass. Taking the five loaves and the two fish and#*Here “and” has been supplied in the English translation for stylistic reasons looking up to heaven, he gave thanks. And after#*Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“breaking”) which is understood as temporal breaking them,#*Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation he gave the loaves to the disciples, and the disciples gave them#*“gave them” is an implied repetition of the earlier verb to the crowds. 20And they all ate and were satisfied, and they picked up what was left over of the broken pieces, twelve baskets full. 21Now those who ate were about five thousand men, in addition to women and children.
Jesus Walks on the Water
22And immediately he made the disciples get into the boat and go ahead of him to the other side, while he sent away the crowds. 23And after he#*Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“sent away”) which is understood as temporal sent away the crowds, he went up on the mountain by himself to pray. So when#*Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“came”) evening came, he was there alone. 24But the boat was already many stadia distant from the land, being beaten by the waves, because the wind was against it. 25And in the fourth watch of the night he came to them, walking on the sea. 26But the disciples, when they#*Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal saw him walking on the sea, were terrified, saying, “It is a ghost!” and they cried out in fear. 27But immediately Jesus spoke to them, saying, “Have courage, I am he! Do not be afraid!” 28And Peter answered him and#*Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb said, “Lord, if it is you,#Literally “you are” he command me to come to you on the water!” 29So he said, “Come!” And getting out of the boat, Peter walked on the water and came toward Jesus. 30But when he#*Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal saw the strong wind, he was afraid. And beginning to sink, he cried out, saying, “Lord, save me!” 31And immediately Jesus extended his#Literally “the”; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun hand and#*Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“extended”) has been translated as a finite verb caught him and said to him, “You of little faith! Why did you doubt?” 32And when#*Here “when” is supplied as a component of the temporal genitive absolute participle (“got”) they got into the boat, the wind abated. 33So those in the boat worshiped him, saying, “Truly you are the Son of God!”
Many Healed at Gennesaret
34And after they#*Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“had crossed over”) which is understood as temporal had crossed over, they came to land at Gennesaret. 35And when#*Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“recognized”) which is understood as temporal the men of that place recognized him, they sent word into that whole surrounding region, and they brought to him all those who were sick.#Literally “having badly” 36And they were imploring him that they might only touch the edge#Or “tassel” of his cloak, and all those who touched it#*Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation were cured.
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