Isaiah 22
22
The Valley of Vision
1Oracle on the Valley of Vision:#The title “oracle on the valley of vision,” like the other oracle headings in chaps. 13–23, was supplied by an editor and is taken from v. 5. In all probability it relates to the events of 701, the lifting of Sennacherib’s siege of Jerusalem. The death of the Assyrian king Sargon II in 705 occasioned the revolt of many of the vassal nations subject to Assyria, a revolt in which Hezekiah joined, over Isaiah’s bitter opposition. The biblical and other data concerning the outcome of this adventure are conflicting and confusing. While 2 Kgs 19 (Is 37) tells of a miraculous deliverance of the city after the siege had been renewed, Assyrian documents and 2 Kgs 18:13–16 report that Sennacherib, Sargon II’s successor, devastated Judah (the destruction of forty-six cities is mentioned in Assyrian records); Hezekiah had to surrender and paid Sennacherib a heavy indemnity, taken from the Temple treasury and adornments. The inhabitants of Jerusalem apparently took the lifting of the siege as occasion for great rejoicing, a response that Isaiah condemns. They should be mourning the dead and learning that their confidence in allies rather than in the Lord leads to disaster. #Is 21:2.
What is the matter with you now, that you have gone up,
all of you, to the housetops,
2#The retreat of Judah’s soldiers is a further reason that rejoicing is not in order. You who were full of noise,
tumultuous city,
exultant town?#Is 32:13.
Your slain are not slain with the sword,
nor killed in battle.
3All your leaders fled away together,
they were captured without use of bow;
All who were found were captured together,
though they had fled afar off.
4That is why I say: Turn away from me,
let me weep bitterly;
Do not try to comfort me
for the ruin of the daughter of my people.#Jer 6:26; 9:1; 14:17.
5It is a day of panic, rout and confusion,
from the Lord, the God of hosts, in the Valley of Vision#Valley of Vision: frequently identified as the Hinnom Valley, west of Jerusalem.
Walls crash;
a cry for help to the mountains.
6Elam takes up the quiver,
Aram mounts the horses
and Kir#Elam…Kir: the Assyrian forces presumably included auxiliary troops from various places. uncovers the shields.
7Your choice valleys are filled with chariots,
horses are posted at the gates—
8and shelter over Judah is removed.#Shelter over Judah is removed: the reference is obscure; it has been suggested that Judah’s protection was Jerusalem itself, and with the fall of the city the country was exposed. House of the Forest: an armory built by Solomon; its columns of wood suggested the trees of a forest; cf. 1 Kgs 7:2; 10:17.
On that day you looked to the weapons in the House of the Forest; 9#Frenetic efforts made to fortify the city before the impending siege; cf. 2 Kgs 20:20; 2 Chr 32:3–4, 30. Some suggest that the description of these preparations comes from the time of Nebuchadnezzar’s assault on Jerusalem in 588. You did not look to the city’s Maker: Isaiah here makes the crucial point. Jerusalem’s safety lay not in military forces nor in alliances with other nations nor in playing power politics but in the Lord, here presented as the creator and founder of the city. Isaiah may be alluding to the belief that the city was inviolable. you saw that the breaches in the City of David were many; you collected the water of the lower pool. 10You numbered the houses of Jerusalem, tearing some down to strengthen the wall; 11you made a reservoir between the two walls for the water of the old pool. But you did not look to the city’s Maker, nor consider the one who fashioned it long ago.
12On that day the Lord,
the God of hosts, called
For weeping and mourning,
for shaving the head and wearing sackcloth.
13But look! instead, there was celebration and joy,
slaughtering cattle and butchering sheep,
Eating meat and drinking wine:
“Eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!”#Is 56:12; Wis 2:6; 1 Cor 15:32.
14This message was revealed in my hearing from the Lord of hosts:
This iniquity will not be forgiven you until you die,
says the Lord, the God of hosts.
Shebna and Eliakim
15Thus says the Lord, the God of hosts:
Up, go to that official,
Shebna,#Shebna: by the time of the siege of Jerusalem in 36:3, Shebna, the scribe, no longer held the office of master of the palace. master of the palace,
16#What is probably Shebna’s inscribed tomb has been discovered in the village of Silwan on the eastern slope of Jerusalem. “What have you here? Whom have you here,
that you have hewn for yourself a tomb here,
Hewing a tomb on high,
carving a resting place in the rock?”
17The Lord shall hurl you down headlong, mortal man!
He shall grip you firmly,
18And roll you up and toss you like a ball
into a broad land.
There you will die, there with the chariots you glory in,
you disgrace to your master’s house!
19I will thrust you from your office
and pull you down from your station.
20On that day I will summon my servant
Eliakim,#Eliakim: by the time of the events described in 36:3, Eliakim had replaced Shebna as master of the palace. son of Hilkiah;#2 Kgs 18:18, 37.
21I will clothe him with your robe,
gird him with your sash,
confer on him your authority.
He shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem,
and to the house of Judah.#Jb 29:16.
22I will place the key#Key: symbol of authority; cf. Mt 16:19; Rev 3:7. of the House of David on his shoulder;
what he opens, no one will shut,
what he shuts, no one will open.#Rev 3:7.
23I will fix him as a peg in a firm place,
a seat of honor for his ancestral house;
24On him shall hang all the glory of his ancestral house:#Apparently Eliakim proved to be a disappointment, so an oracle of judgment was added to the originally positive oracle to Eliakim.
descendants and offspring,
all the little dishes, from bowls to jugs.
25On that day, says the Lord of hosts, the peg fixed in a firm place shall give way, break off and fall, and the weight that hung on it shall be done away with; for the Lord has spoken.
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Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Inc
Yeshayah (Isaiah) 22
22
1The message concerning the Valley of Vision. What troubles you now, that you have all gone up to the house-tops,
2you who are filled with turmoils, a noisy city, a city of revelry? Your slain are not slain with the sword, nor the dead in battle.
3All your rulers have fled together; without a bow they were taken captive. All who are found in you are bound together, who have fled from afar.
4Therefore I said, “Look away from me, let me weep bitterly. Do not try to comfort me because of the ravaging of the daughter of my people.”
5For it is a day of uproar and treading down and perplexity by the Master יהוה of hosts in the Valley of Vision – breaking down of a wall and of crying to the mountain.
6And Ěylam bore the quiver with chariots of men and horsemen, and Qir bared the shield.
7And it shall be that your choicest valleys shall be filled with chariots, and the horsemen shall take up positions at the gate.
8Then He removed the covering of Yehuḏah. And you looked in that day to the weapons of the House of the Forest.
9And you saw the breaches of the city of Dawiḏ, that it was great. And you gathered together the waters of the lower pool.
10And you counted the houses of Yerushalayim, and the houses you broke down to strengthen the wall.
11And you dug a ditch between the two walls for the water of the old pool. But you have not looked to its Maker, nor have you seen Him who fashioned it long ago.
12And in that day the Master יהוה of hosts called for weeping and for mourning, for baldness and for girding with sackcloth.
13Then see! Joy and gladness, killing oxen and slaying sheep, eating meat and drinking wine, “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!”
14And it was revealed in my hearing by יהוה of hosts, “For this crookedness shall certainly not be pardoned until you die,” said the Master יהוה of hosts.
15Thus said the Master יהוה of hosts, “Go, come to this steward, to Sheḇnah, who is over the house, and say,
16What have you here, and whom have you here, that you have hewn a burial-site here, as he who hews himself a burial-site on high, inscribing#Engraving. a resting place for himself in a rock?
17See, יהוה is hurling you away, O man, and is firmly grasping you,
18rolling you up tightly like a ball, into a wide land. There you are to die, and there your esteemed chariots are to be the shame of your master’s house.
19And I shall drive you from your office, and you shall be ousted from your position.
20And it shall be in that day, that I shall call My servant Elyaqim son of Ḥilqiyahu.
21And I shall put your robe on him, and strengthen him with your girdle, and give your authority into his hand. And he shall be a father to the inhabitants of Yerushalayim and to the house of Yehuḏah.
22And I shall place the key of the house of Dawiḏ on his shoulder. And he shall open, and no one shuts; and shall shut, and no one opens.
23And I shall fasten him like a peg in a steadfast place, and he shall become a throne of esteem to his father’s house.
24And they shall hang on him all the weight of his father’s house, the offspring and the offshoots, all vessels of small quantity, from the cups to all the jars.
25In that day,’ declares יהוה of hosts, ‘the peg that is fastened in the steadfast place shall be removed and be cut down and fall, and the burden that was on it shall be cut off. For יהוה has spoken.’ ”
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