Matthew 26
26
The Plot against Jesus
(Mk 14.1–2; Lk 22.1–2; Jn 11.45–53)
1When Jesus had finished teaching all these things, he said to his disciples, 2#Ex 12.1–27“In two days, as you know, it will be the Passover Festival, and the Son of Man will be handed over to be crucified.”
3Then the chief priests and the elders met together in the palace of Caiaphas, the High Priest, 4and made plans to arrest Jesus secretly and put him to death. 5“We must not do it during the festival,” they said, “or the people will riot.”
Jesus is Anointed at Bethany
(Mk 14.3–9; Jn 12.1–8)
6Jesus was in Bethany at the house of Simon, a man who had suffered from a dreaded skin disease. 7#Lk 7.37–38While Jesus was eating, a woman came to him with an alabaster jar filled with an expensive perfume, which she poured on his head. 8The disciples saw this and became angry. “Why all this waste?” they asked. 9“This perfume could have been sold for a large amount and the money given to the poor!”
10Jesus knew what they were saying, so he said to them, “Why are you bothering this woman? It is a fine and beautiful thing that she has done for me. 11#Deut 15.11You will always have poor people with you, but you will not always have me. 12What she did was to pour this perfume on my body to get me ready for burial. 13Now, I assure you that wherever this gospel is preached all over the world, what she has done will be told in memory of her.”
Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus
(Mk 14.10–11; Lk 22.3–6)
14Then one of the twelve disciples — the one named Judas Iscariot — went to the chief priests 15#Zech 11.12and asked, “What will you give me if I betray Jesus to you?” They counted out thirty silver coins and gave them to him. 16From then on Judas was looking for a good chance to hand Jesus over to them.
Jesus Eats the Passover Meal with his Disciples
(Mk 14.12–21; Lk 22.7–13, 21–23; Jn 13.21–30)
17On the first day of the Festival of Unleavened Bread the disciples came to Jesus and asked him, “Where do you want us to get the Passover meal ready for you?”
18 “Go to a certain man in the city,” he said to them, “and tell him: ‘The Teacher says, My hour has come; my disciples and I will celebrate the Passover at your house.’ ”
19The disciples did as Jesus had told them and prepared the Passover meal.
20When it was evening, Jesus and the twelve disciples sat down to eat. 21During the meal Jesus said, “I tell you, one of you will betray me.”
22The disciples were very upset and began to ask him, one after the other, “Surely, Lord, you don't mean me?”
23 #
Ps 41.9
Jesus answered, “One who dips his bread in the dish with me will betray me. 24The Son of Man will die as the Scriptures say he will, but how terrible for that man who betrays the Son of Man! It would have been better for that man if he had never been born!”
25Judas, the traitor, spoke up. “Surely, Teacher, you don't mean me?” he asked.
Jesus answered, “So you say.”
The Lord's Supper
(Mk 14.22–26; Lk 22.14–20; 1 Cor 11.23–25)
26While they were eating, Jesus took a piece of bread, gave a prayer of thanks, broke it, and gave it to his disciples. “Take and eat it,” he said; “this is my body.”
27Then he took a cup, gave thanks to God, and gave it to them. “Drink it, all of you,” he said; 28#Ex 24.8; Jer 31.31–34“this is my blood, which seals God's covenant, my blood poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins. 29I tell you, I will never again drink this wine until the day I drink the new wine with you in my Father's Kingdom.”
30Then they sang a hymn and went out to the Mount of Olives.
Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial
(Mk 14.27–31; Lk 22.31–34; Jn 13.36–38)
31 #
Zech 13.7
Then Jesus said to them, “This very night all of you will run away and leave me, for the scripture says, ‘God will kill the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.’ 32#Mt 28.16But after I am raised to life, I will go to Galilee ahead of you.”
33Peter spoke up and said to Jesus, “I will never leave you, even though all the rest do!”
34Jesus said to Peter, “I tell you that before the cock crows tonight, you will say three times that you do not know me.”
35Peter answered, “I will never say that, even if I have to die with you!”
And all the other disciples said the same thing.
Jesus Prays in Gethsemane
(Mk 14.32–42; Lk 22.39–46)
36Then Jesus went with his disciples to a place called Gethsemane, and he said to them, “Sit here while I go over there and pray.” 37He took with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee. Grief and anguish came over him, 38and he said to them, “The sorrow in my heart is so great that it almost crushes me. Stay here and keep watch with me.”
39He went a little farther on, threw himself face downwards on the ground, and prayed, “My Father, if it is possible, take this cup of suffering from me! Yet not what I want, but what you want.”
40Then he returned to the three disciples and found them asleep; and he said to Peter, “How is it that you three were not able to keep watch with me even for one hour? 41Keep watch and pray that you will not fall into temptation. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.”
42Once more Jesus went away and prayed, “My Father, if this cup of suffering cannot be taken away unless I drink it, your will be done.” 43He returned once more and found the disciples asleep; they could not keep their eyes open.
44Again Jesus left them, went away, and prayed the third time, saying the same words. 45Then he returned to the disciples and said, “Are you still sleeping and resting? Look! The hour has come for the Son of Man to be handed over to the power of sinners. 46Get up, let us go. Look, here is the man who is betraying me!”
The Arrest of Jesus
(Mk 14.43–50; Lk 22.47–53; Jn 18.3–12)
47Jesus was still speaking when Judas, one of the twelve disciples, arrived. With him was a large crowd armed with swords and clubs and sent by the chief priests and the elders. 48The traitor had given the crowd a signal: “The man I kiss is the one you want. Arrest him!”
49Judas went straight to Jesus and said, “Peace be with you, Teacher,” and kissed him.
50Jesus answered, “Be quick about it, friend!”#26.50 Be quick about it, friend!; or Why are you here, friend?
Then they came up, arrested Jesus, and held him tight. 51One of those who were with Jesus drew his sword and struck at the High Priest's slave, cutting off his ear. 52“Put your sword back in its place,” Jesus said to him. “All who take the sword will die by the sword. 53Don't you know that I could call on my Father for help, and at once he would send me more than twelve armies of angels? 54But in that case, how could the Scriptures come true which say that this is what must happen?”
55 #
Lk 19.47; 21.37 Then Jesus spoke to the crowd, “Did you have to come with swords and clubs to capture me, as though I were an outlaw? Every day I sat down and taught in the Temple, and you did not arrest me. 56But all this has happened in order to make what the prophets wrote in the Scriptures come true.”
Then all the disciples left him and ran away.
Jesus Before the Council
(Mk 14.53–65; Lk 22.54–55, 63–71; Jn 18.13–14, 19–24)
57Those who had arrested Jesus took him to the house of Caiaphas, the High Priest, where the teachers of the Law and the elders had gathered together. 58Peter followed from a distance, as far as the courtyard of the High Priest's house. He went into the courtyard and sat down with the guards to see how it would all come out. 59The chief priests and the whole Council tried to find some false evidence against Jesus to put him to death; 60but they could not find any, even though many people came forward and told lies about him. Finally two men stepped up 61#Jn 2.19and said, “This man said, ‘I am able to tear down God's Temple and three days later build it up again.’ ”
62The High Priest stood up and said to Jesus, “Have you no answer to give to this accusation against you?” 63But Jesus kept quiet. Again the High Priest spoke to him, “In the name of the living God I now put you on oath: tell us if you are the Messiah, the Son of God.”
64 #
Dan 7.13
Jesus answered him, “So you say. But I tell all of you: from this time on you will see the Son of Man sitting on the right of the Almighty and coming on the clouds of heaven!”
65 #
Lev 24.16
At this the High Priest tore his clothes and said, “Blasphemy! We don't need any more witnesses! You have just heard his blasphemy! 66What do you think?”
They answered, “He is guilty and must die.”
67 #
Is 50.6
Then they spat in his face and beat him; and those who slapped him 68said, “Prophesy for us, Messiah! Guess who hit you!”
Peter Denies Jesus
(Mk 14.66–72; Lk 22.56–62; Jn 18.15–18, 25–27)
69Peter was sitting outside in the courtyard when one of the High Priest's servant women came to him and said, “You, too, were with Jesus of Galilee.”
70But he denied it in front of them all. “I don't know what you are talking about,” he answered, 71and went on out to the entrance of the courtyard. Another servant woman saw him and said to the men there, “He was with Jesus of Nazareth.”
72Again Peter denied it and answered, “I swear that I don't know that man!”
73After a little while the men standing there came to Peter. “Of course you are one of them,” they said. “After all, the way you speak gives you away!”
74Then Peter said, “I swear that I am telling the truth! May God punish me if I am not! I do not know that man!”
Just then a cock crowed, 75and Peter remembered what Jesus had told him: “Before the cock crows, you will say three times that you do not know me.” He went out and wept bitterly.
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Matthew 26: GNBDK
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Good News Bible with Deuterocanonicals/Apocrypha. Scripture taken from the Good News Bible (r) (Today's English Version Second Edition, UK/British Edition). Copyright © 1992 British & Foreign Bible Society. Used by permission.
Matthew 26
26
The Plot Against Jesus
1 When#tn Grk “And it happened when.” The introductory phrase καὶ ἐγένετο (kai egeneto, “it happened that”) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Jesus had finished saying all these things, he told his disciples, 2 “You know that after two days the Passover is coming, and the Son of Man will be handed over#tn Or “will be delivered up.” to be crucified.”#sn See the note on crucified in 20:19. 3 Then the chief priests and the elders of the people met together in the palace of the high priest, who was named Caiaphas. 4 They#tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated. planned to arrest Jesus by stealth and kill him. 5 But they said, “Not during the feast, so that there won’t be a riot among the people.”#sn The suggestion here is that Jesus was too popular to openly arrest him.
Jesus’ Anointing
6 Now while Jesus was in Bethany at the house of Simon the leper, 7 a woman came to him with an alabaster jar#sn A jar made of alabaster stone was normally used for very precious substances like perfumes. It normally had a long neck which was sealed and had to be broken off so the contents could be used. of expensive perfumed oil,#tn Μύρον (muron) was usually made of myrrh (from which the English word is derived) but here it is used in the sense of ointment or perfumed oil (L&N 6.205).sn Nard or spikenard is a fragrant oil from the root and spike of the nard plant of northern India. This perfumed oil, if made of something like nard, would have been extremely expensive, costing up to a year’s pay for an average laborer. and she poured it on his head as he was at the table.#tn Grk “as he was reclining at table.”sn 1st century middle eastern meals were not eaten while sitting at a table, but while reclining on one’s side on the floor with the head closest to the low table and the feet farthest away. 8 When#tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated. the disciples saw this, they became indignant and said, “Why this waste? 9 It#tn Here γάρ (gar) has not been translated. could have been sold at a high price and the money#tn The words “the money” are not in the Greek text, but are implied (as the proceeds from the sale of the perfumed oil). given to the poor!” 10 When#tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated. Jesus learned of this, he said to them, “Why are you bothering this woman? She#tn Grk “For she.” Here γάρ (gar) has not been translated. has done a good service for me. 11 For you will always have the poor with you, but you will not always have me!#tn In the Greek text of this clause, “me” is in emphatic position (the first word in the clause). To convey some impression of the emphasis, an exclamation point is used in the translation. 12 When#tn Grk “For when.” Here γάρ (gar) has not been translated. she poured this oil on my body, she did it to prepare me for burial. 13 I tell you the truth,#tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.” wherever this gospel is proclaimed in the whole world, what she has done will also be told in memory of her.”
The Plan to Betray Jesus
14 Then one of the twelve, the one named Judas Iscariot, went to the chief priests 15 and said, “What will you give me to betray him into your hands?”#tn Grk “What will you give to me, and I will betray him to you?” So they set out thirty silver coins for him. 16 From that time#tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated. on, Judas#tn Grk “he”; the referent (Judas) has been specified in the translation for clarity. began looking for an opportunity to betray him.
The Passover
17 Now on the first day of the feast of#tn The words “the feast of” are not in the Greek text, but have been supplied for clarity. Unleavened Bread the disciples came to Jesus and said,#tn Grk “the disciples came to Jesus, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) has been translated as a finite verb to make the sequence of events clear in English. “Where do you want us to prepare for you to eat the Passover?”#sn This required getting a suitable lamb and finding lodging in Jerusalem where the meal could be eaten. The population of the city swelled during the feast, so lodging could be difficult to find. The Passover was celebrated each year in commemoration of the Israelites’ deliverance from Egypt; thus it was a feast celebrating redemption (see Exod 12). The Passover lamb was roasted and eaten after sunset in a family group of at least ten people (m. Pesahim 7.13). People ate the meal while reclining (see the note on table in 26:20). It included, besides the lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs as a reminder of Israel’s bitter affliction at the hands of the Egyptians. Four cups of wine mixed with water were also used for the meal. For a further description of the meal and the significance of the wine cups, see E. Ferguson, Backgrounds of Early Christianity, 523-24. 18 He#tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated. said, “Go into the city to a certain man and tell him, ‘The Teacher says, “My time is near. I will observe the Passover with my disciples at your house.”’” 19 So#tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic. the disciples did as Jesus had instructed them, and they prepared the Passover. 20 When#tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated. it was evening, he took his place at the table#tn Grk “he was reclining at table,” as 1st century middle eastern meals were not eaten while sitting at a table, but while reclining on one’s side on the floor with the head closest to the low table and the feet farthest away. with the twelve.#tc Many witnesses, some of them important, have μαθητῶν (maqhtwn, “disciples”; א A L W Δ Θ 33 892 1241 1424 pm lat) or μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ (maqhtwn autou, “his disciples”; 0281 pc it) after δώδεκα (dwdeka, “twelve”). However, such clarifications are typical scribal expansions to the text. Further, the shorter reading (the one that ends with δώδεκα) has strong support in Ì37vid,45vid B D K Γ Ë1,13 565 579 700 pm. Thus both internally and externally the reading that ends the verse with “the twelve” is to be preferred. 21 And while they were eating he said, “I tell you the truth,#tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.” one of you will betray me.”#tn Or “will hand me over.” 22 They#tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated. became greatly distressed#tn The participle λυπούμενοι (lupoumenoi) has been translated as a finite verb to make the sequence of events clear in English. and each one began to say to him, “Surely not I, Lord?” 23 He#tn Grk “answering, he said.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation. Here δέ (de) has not been translated. answered, “The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with me#sn The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with me. The point of Jesus’ comment here is not to identify the specific individual per se, but to indicate that it is one who was close to him – somebody whom no one would suspect. His comment serves to heighten the treachery of Judas’ betrayal. will betray me. 24 The Son of Man will go as it is written about him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would be better for him if he had never been born.” 25 Then#tn Grk “answering, Judas.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation. Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to reflect the sequence of events in the narrative. Judas, the one who would betray him, said, “Surely not I, Rabbi?” Jesus#tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. replied, “You have said it yourself.”
The Lord’s Supper
26 While#tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated. they were eating, Jesus took bread, and after giving thanks he broke it, gave it to his disciples, and said, “Take, eat, this is my body.” 27 And after taking the cup and giving thanks, he gave it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you, 28 for this is my blood, the blood#tn Grk “for this is my blood of the covenant that is poured out for many.” In order to avoid confusion about which is poured out, the translation supplies “blood” twice so that the following phrase clearly modifies “blood,” not “covenant.” of the covenant,#tc Although most witnesses read καινῆς (kainhs, “new”) here, this is evidently motivated by the parallel in Luke 22:20. Apart from the possibility of homoioteleuton, there is no good reason for the shorter reading to have arisen later on. But since it is found in such good and diverse witnesses (e.g., Ì37,45vid א B L Z Θ 0298vid 33 pc mae), the likelihood of homoioteleuton becomes rather remote.sn Jesus’ death established the forgiveness promised in the new covenant of Jer 31:31. Jesus is reinterpreting the symbolism of the Passover meal, indicating the presence of a new era. that is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins. 29 I#tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated. tell you, from now on I will not drink of this fruit#tn Grk “produce” (“the produce of the vine” is a figurative expression for wine). of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father’s kingdom.” 30 After#tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated. singing a hymn,#sn After singing a hymn. The Hallel Psalms (Pss 113-118) were sung during the meal. Psalms 113 and 114 were sung just before the second cup and 115-118 were sung at the end of the meal, after the fourth, or hallel cup. they went out to the Mount of Olives.
The Prediction of Peter’s Denial
31 Then Jesus said to them, “This night you will all fall away because of me, for it is written:
‘I will strike the shepherd,
and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.’#sn A quotation from Zech 13:7.
32 But after I am raised, I will go ahead of you into Galilee.” 33 Peter#tn Grk “answering, Peter said to him.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation. Here δέ (de) has not been translated. said to him, “If they all fall away because of you, I will never fall away!” 34 Jesus said to him, “I tell you the truth,#tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.” on this night, before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” 35 Peter said to him, “Even if I must die with you, I will never deny you.” And all the disciples said the same thing.
Gethsemane
36 Then Jesus went with them to a place called Gethsemane, and he said to the disciples, “Sit here while I go over there and pray.” 37 He took with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and became anguished and distressed. 38 Then he said to them, “My soul is deeply grieved, even to the point of death. Remain here and stay awake with me.” 39 Going a little farther, he threw himself down with his face to the ground and prayed,#tn Grk “ground, praying and saying.” Here the participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. “My Father, if possible,#tn Grk “if it is possible.” let this cup#sn This cup alludes to the wrath of God that Jesus would experience (in the form of suffering and death) for us. See Ps 11:6; 75:8-9; Isa 51:17, 19, 22 for this figure. pass from me! Yet not what I will, but what you will.” 40 Then he came to the disciples and found them sleeping. He#tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated. said to Peter, “So, couldn’t you stay awake with me for one hour? 41 Stay awake and pray that you will not fall into temptation. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.” 42 He went away a second time and prayed,#tn Grk “saying.” The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant here in contemporary English and has not been translated. “My Father, if this cup#tn Grk “this”; the referent (the cup) has been specified in the translation for clarity. cannot be taken away unless I drink it, your will must be done.” 43 He came again and found them sleeping; they could not keep their eyes open.#tn Grk “because their eyes were weighed down,” an idiom for becoming extremely or excessively sleepy (L&N 23.69). 44 So leaving them again, he went away and prayed for the third time, saying the same thing once more. 45 Then he came to the disciples and said to them, “Are you still sleeping and resting? Look, the hour is approaching, and the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. 46 Get up, let us go. Look! My betrayer#tn Grk “the one who betrays me.” is approaching!”
Betrayal and Arrest
47 While he was still speaking, Judas,#tn Grk “behold, Judas.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1). one of the twelve, arrived. With him was a large crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent by the chief priests and elders of the people. 48 (Now the betrayer#tn Grk “the one who betrays him.” had given them a sign, saying, “The one I kiss is the man.#tn Grk “The one I kiss is he.” Arrest him!”)#sn This remark is parenthetical within the narrative and has thus been placed in parentheses. 49 Immediately#tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated. he went up to Jesus and said, “Greetings, Rabbi,” and kissed him.#sn Judas’ act of betrayal when he kissed Jesus is especially sinister when it is realized that it was common in the culture of the times for a disciple to kiss his master when greeting him. 50 Jesus#tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated. said to him, “Friend, do what you are here to do.” Then they came and took hold#tn Grk “and put their hands on Jesus.” of Jesus and arrested him. 51 But#tn Grk “And behold one.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1). one of those with Jesus grabbed#tn Grk “extending his hand, drew out his sword, and struck.” Because rapid motion is implied in the circumstances, the translation “grabbed” was used. his sword, drew it out, and struck the high priest’s slave,#tn See the note on the word “slave” in 8:9. cutting off his ear. 52 Then Jesus said to him, “Put your sword back in its place!#tn The translation “put your sword back in its place” for this phrase is given in L&N 85.52. For all who take hold of the sword will die by the sword. 53 Or do you think that I cannot call on my Father, and that he would send me more than twelve legions#sn A legion was a Roman army unit of about 6,000 soldiers, so twelve legions would be 72,000. of angels right now? 54 How then would the scriptures that say it must happen this way be fulfilled?” 55 At that moment Jesus said to the crowd, “Have you come out with swords and clubs to arrest me like you would an outlaw?#tn Or “a revolutionary.” This term can refer to one who stirs up rebellion: BDAG 594 s.v. λῃστής 2 has “revolutionary, insurrectionist, guerrilla” citing evidence from Josephus (J. W. 2.13.2-3 [2.253-254]). However, this usage generally postdates Jesus’ time. It does refer to a figure of violence. Luke uses the same term for the highwaymen who attack the traveler in the parable of the good Samaritan (Luke 10:30). Day after day I sat teaching in the temple courts, yet#tn Grk “and” (καί, kai), a conjunction that is elastic enough to be used to indicate a contrast, as here. you did not arrest me. 56 But this has happened so that#tn Grk “But so that”; the verb “has happened” is implied. the scriptures of the prophets would be fulfilled.” Then all the disciples left him and fled.
Condemned by the Sanhedrin
57 Now the ones who had arrested Jesus led him to Caiaphas, the high priest, in whose house#tn Grk “where.” the experts in the law#tn Or “where the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 2:4. and the elders had gathered. 58 But Peter was following him from a distance, all the way to the high priest’s courtyard. After#tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated. going in, he sat with the guards#sn The guards would have been the guards of the chief priests who had accompanied Judas to arrest Jesus. to see the outcome. 59 The#tn Grk “Now the.” Here δέ (de) has not been translated. chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were trying to find false testimony against Jesus so that they could put him to death. 60 But they did not find anything, though many false witnesses came forward. Finally#tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated. two came forward 61 and declared, “This man#tn Grk “This one.” said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days.’” 62 So#tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the false testimony. the high priest stood up and said to him, “Have you no answer? What is this that they are testifying against you?” 63 But Jesus was silent. The#tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated. high priest said to him, “I charge you under oath by the living God, tell us if you are the Christ,#tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”sn See the note on Christ in 1:16. the Son of God.” 64 Jesus said to him, “You have said it yourself. But I tell you, from now on you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand#sn An allusion to Ps 110:1. This is a claim that Jesus shares authority with God in heaven. Those present may have thought they were his judges, but, in fact, the reverse was true. of the Power#sn The expression the right hand of the Power is a circumlocution for referring to God. Such indirect references to God were common in 1st century Judaism out of reverence for the divine name. and coming on the clouds of heaven.”#sn An allusion to Dan 7:13 (see also Matt 24:30). 65 Then the high priest tore his clothes and declared,#tn Grk “the high priest tore his clothes, saying.” “He has blasphemed! Why do we still need witnesses? Now#tn Grk “Behold now.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1). you have heard the blasphemy! 66 What is your verdict?”#tn Grk “What do you think?” They#tn Grk “answering, they said.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation. Here δέ (de) has not been translated. answered, “He is guilty and deserves#tn Grk “he is guilty of death.” L&N 88.313 states, “pertaining to being guilty and thus deserving some particular penalty – ‘guilty and deserving, guilty and punishable by.’ οἱ δὲ ἀποκριθέντες εἶπαν, ᾿Ενοχος θανάτου ἐστίν ‘they answered, He is guilty and deserves death’ Mt 26:66.” death.” 67 Then they spat in his face and struck him with their fists. And some slapped him, 68 saying, “Prophesy for us, you Christ!#tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”sn See the note on Christ in 1:16. Who hit you?”#tn Grk “Who is the one who hit you?”sn Who hit you? This is a variation of one of three ancient games that involved blindfolds.
Peter’s Denials
69 Now Peter was sitting outside in the courtyard. A#tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated. slave girl#tn The Greek term here is παιδίσκη (paidiskh), referring to a slave girl or slave woman. came to him and said, “You also were with Jesus the Galilean.” 70 But he denied it in front of them all:#tn Grk “he denied it…saying.” The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant in English and has not been translated. “I don’t know what you’re talking about!” 71 When#tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated. he went out to the gateway, another slave girl#tn The words “slave girl” are not in the Greek text, but are implied by the feminine singular form ἄλλη (allh). saw him and said to the people there, “This man was with Jesus the Nazarene.” 72 He denied it again with an oath, “I do not know the man!” 73 After#tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated. a little while, those standing there came up to Peter and said, “You really are one of them too – even your accent#tn Grk “your speech.” gives you away!” 74 At that he began to curse, and he swore with an oath, “I do not know the man!” At that moment a rooster crowed.#tn It seems most likely that this refers to a real rooster crowing, although a number of scholars have suggested that “cockcrow” is a technical term referring to the trumpet call which ended the third watch of the night (from midnight to 3 a.m.). This would then be a reference to the Roman gallicinium (ἀλεκτοροφωνία, alektorofwnia; the term is used in Mark 13:35 and is found in some mss [Ì37vid,45 Ë1] in Matt 26:34) which would have been sounded at 3 a.m.; in this case Jesus would have prophesied a precise time by which the denials would have taken place. For more details see J. H. Bernard, St. John (ICC), 2:604. However, in light of the fact that Mark mentions the rooster crowing twice (Mark 14:72) and in Luke 22:60 the words are reversed (ἐφώνησεν ἀλέκτωρ, efwnhsen alektwr), it is more probable that a real rooster is in view. In any event natural cockcrow would have occurred at approximately 3 a.m. in Palestine at this time of year (March-April) anyway. 75 Then Peter remembered what Jesus had said: “Before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” And he went outside and wept bitterly.#sn When Peter went out and wept bitterly it shows he really did not want to fail here and was deeply grieved that he had.
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