Mattithyahu (Matthew) 5
5
1But when He saw the crowds, He went up on a mountain. And when He was seated His taught ones came to Him.
2And having opened His mouth, He was teaching them, saying,
3“Blessed are the poor in spirit, because theirs is the reign of the heavens.
4Blessed are those who mourn, because they shall be comforted.
5“Blessed are the meek, because they shall inherit the earth.# Psa. 37:11#See Psa. 37:9; Psa. 37:11; Psa. 37:22; Psa. 37:29; Psa. 37:34
6Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness,#See Isa. 55:1, 2; Mat. 4:4; John 6:48, 49, 50, 51 because they shall be filled.
7“Blessed are the compassionate, because they shall obtain compassion.
8Blessed are the clean in heart,#See Psa. 24:3, 4 because they shall see Elohim.
9“Blessed are the peacemakers, because they shall be called sons of Elohim.
10Blessed are those persecuted for righteousness’ sake,#See 1Pe. 3:14 because theirs is the reign of the heavens.
11“Blessed are you when they reproach and persecute you, and falsely say every wicked word against you, for My sake.
12Rejoice and be glad, because your reward in the heavens is great. For in this way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.
13“You are the salt of the earth, but if the salt becomes tasteless, how shall it be seasoned? For it is no longer of any use but to be thrown out and to be trodden down by men.
14You are the light of the world. It is impossible for a city to be hidden on a mountain.
15“Nor do they light a lamp and put it under a basket, but on a lampstand, and it shines to all those in the house.
16Let your light so shine before men, so that they see your good works and praise your Father who is in the heavens.
17Do not think that I came to destroy the Torah or the Prophets.#The Law and the Prophets is a term used for the pre-Messianic Scriptures. I did not come to destroy but to complete.
18For truly, I say to you, till the heaven and the earth pass away, one yod or one tittle shall by no means pass from the Torah till all be done.#See Luke 16:17
19“Whoever, then, breaks one of the least of these commands, and teaches men so, shall be called least in the reign of the heavens; but whoever does and teaches them, he shall be called great in the reign of the heavens.
20For I say to you, that unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees,#See also Mat. 23:28; Mat. 15:3-9; Mark 7:7-13; John 7:19; Acts 7:53; Rom. 2:23-27; Gal. 6:13 you shall by no means enter into the reign of the heavens.
21“You heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not murder,’ # Exo. 20:13; Deu. 5:17 and whoever murders shall be liable to judgment.
22But I say to you that whoever is wroth with his brother without a cause shall be liable to judgment. And whoever says to his brother, ‘Raka!’ shall be liable to the Sanhedrin. But whoever says, ‘You fool!’ shall be liable to fire of GĕHinnom.
23“If, then, you bring your gift to the slaughter-place, and there remember that your brother holds whatever against you,
24leave your gift there before the slaughter-place, and go, first make peace with your brother, and then come and offer your gift.
25Be well-minded with your opponent, promptly, while you are on the way with him, lest your opponent deliver you to the judge, and the judge to the officer, and you be thrown into prison.
26“Truly, I say to you, you shall by no means get out of there till you have paid the last penny.
27You heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’# Exo. 20:14; Deu. 5:18
28“But I say to you that everyone looking at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.
29And if your right eye causes you to stumble, pluck it out and throw it away from you. For it is better for you that one of your members perish, than for your entire body to be thrown into GĕHinnom.
30“And if your right hand causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it away from you. For it is better for you that one of your members perish, than for your entire body to be thrown into GĕHinnom.
31And it has been said, ‘Whoever puts away his wife, let him give her a certificate of divorce.’# Deu. 24:1
32But I say to you that whoever puts away his wife, except for the matter of whoring,#See also Deu. 24:1; Mat. 19:9 makes her commit adultery. And whoever marries a woman who has been put away commits adultery.
33“Again, you heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not swear falsely, but shall perform your oaths to יהוה.’# Lev. 19:12; Num. 30:2; Deu. 23:21
34But I say to you, do not swear [vainly]#Shem Toḇ texts include ‘vainly’ = Hebrew: Shaw’. at all, neither by the heaven, because it is Elohim’s throne;
35nor by the earth, for it is His footstool# Isa. 66:1 nor by Yerushalayim, for it is the city of the great Sovereign;# Psa. 48:2
36nor swear by your head, because you are not able to make one hair white or black.
37“But let your word ‘Yes’ be ‘Yes,’ and your ‘No’ be ‘No.’ And what goes beyond these is from the wicked one.
38You heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth,’# Exo. 21:24#This was the principle for the judges to follow, while יהושע speaks in the next verse of our personal conduct.
39but I say to you, do not resist the wicked. But whoever slaps you on your right cheek, turn the other to him also.
40“And he who wishes to sue you and take away your inner garment, let him have your outer garment as well.
41And whoever compels you to go one mile, go with him two.
42“Give to him who asks of you, and from him who wishes to borrow from you, do not turn away.
43You heard that it was said, ‘You shall love your neighbour# Lev. 19:18 and hate your enemy.’# Hate your enemy was “said,” not “written.”
44“But I say to you, love your enemies, bless those cursing you, do good to those hating you, and pray for those insulting you and persecuting you,
45so that you become sons of your Father in the heavens. Because He makes His sun rise on the wicked and on the good, and sends rain on the righteous and on the unrighteous.# Luke 6:35; Act.14:16, 17
46“For if you love those loving you, what reward have you? Are the tax collectors not doing the same too?
47And if you greet your brothers only, what do you do more than others? Are the tax collectors not doing so too?
48Therefore, be perfect,# Gen. 17:1; Psa. 119:1; 1John 2:5; Heb. 6:1 as your Father in the heavens is perfect.
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Mattithyahu (Matthew) 5: TS2009
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Matthew 5
5
The sermon on the mount
1When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up on the side of a mountain and sat down.#5.1 sat down: Teachers in the ancient world, including Jewish teachers, usually sat down when they taught.
Blessings
(Luke 6.20-23)
Jesus' disciples gathered around him, 2and he taught them:
3God blesses those people
who depend only on him.
They belong to the kingdom
of heaven!#5.3 They belong to the kingdom of heaven: Or “The kingdom of heaven belongs to them.”
4God blesses those people#Is 61.2.
who grieve.
They will find comfort!
5God blesses those people#Ps 37.11.
who are humble.
The earth will belong
to them!
6God blesses those people#Is 55.1,2.
who want to obey him#5.6 who want to obey him: Or “who want to do right” or “who want everyone to be treated right”.
more than to eat or drink.
They will be given
what they want!
7God blesses those people
who are merciful.
They will be treated
with mercy!
8God blesses those people#Ps 24.3,4.
whose hearts are pure.
They will see him!
9God blesses those people
who make peace.
They will be called
his children!
10God blesses those people#1 P 3.14.
who are treated badly
for doing right.
They belong to the kingdom
of heaven.#5.10 They belong to the kingdom of heaven: See the note at 5.3.
11God will bless you when people insult you, ill-treat you, and tell all kinds of evil lies about you because of me.#1 P 4.14. 12Be happy and excited! You will have a great reward in heaven. People did these same things to the prophets who lived long ago.#2 Ch 36.16; Ac 7.52.
Salt and light
(Mark 9.50; Luke 14.34,35)
Jesus continued:
13You are like salt for everyone on earth. But if salt no longer tastes like salt, how can it make food salty? All it is good for is to be thrown out and walked on.#Mk 9.50; Lk 14.34,35.
14You are like light for the whole world. A city built on top of a hill cannot be hidden,#Jn 8.12; 9.5. 15and no one would light a lamp and put it under a clay pot. A lamp is placed on a lampstand, where it can give light to everyone in the house.#Mk 4.21; Lk 8.16; 11.33. 16Make your light shine, so that others will see the good that you do and will praise your Father in heaven.#1 P 2.12.
The Law of Moses
Jesus continued:
17Don't suppose that I came to do away with the Law and the Prophets.#5.17 the Law and the Prophets: The Jewish Scriptures, that is, the Old Testament. I did not come to do away with them, but to give them their full meaning. 18Heaven and earth may disappear. But I promise you that not even a full stop or comma will ever disappear from the Law. Everything written in it must happen.#Lk 16.17.
19If you reject even the least important command in the Law and teach others to do the same, you will be the least important person in the kingdom of heaven. But if you obey and teach others its commands, you will have an important place in the kingdom. 20You must obey God's commands better than the Pharisees and the teachers of the Law obey them. If you don't, I promise you that you will never get into the kingdom of heaven.
Anger
Jesus continued:
21You know that our ancestors were told, “Do not murder” and “A murderer must be brought to trial.”#Ex 20.13; Dt 5.17. 22But I promise you that if you are angry with someone,#5.22 someone: In verses 22-24 the Greek text has “brother”, which may refer to people in general or to other followers. you will have to stand trial. If you call someone a fool, you will be taken to court. And if you say that someone is worthless, you will be in danger of the fires of hell.
23So if you are about to place your gift on the altar and remember that someone is angry with you, 24leave your gift there in front of the altar. Make peace with that person, then come back and offer your gift to God.
25Before you are dragged into court, make friends with the person who has accused you of doing wrong. If you don't, you will be handed over to the judge and then to the officer who will put you in jail. 26I promise you that you will not get out until you have paid the last penny you owe.
Marriage
Jesus continued:
27You know the commandment which says, “Be faithful in marriage.”#Ex 20.14; Dt 5.18. 28But I tell you that if you look at another woman and want her, you are already unfaithful in your thoughts. 29If your right eye causes you to sin, poke it out and throw it away. It is better to lose one part of your body, than for your whole body to end up in hell.#Mt 18.9; Mk 9.47. 30If your right hand causes you to sin, chop it off and throw it away! It is better to lose one part of your body, than for your whole body to be thrown into hell.#Mt 18.8; Mk 9.43.
Divorce
(Matthew 19.9; Mark 10.11,12; Luke 16.18)
Jesus continued:
31You have been taught that a man who divorces his wife must write out divorce papers for her.#5.31 write out divorce papers for her: Jewish men could divorce their wives, but the women could not divorce their husbands. The purpose of writing these papers was to make it harder for a man to divorce his wife. Before this law was made, all a man had to do was to send his wife away and say that she was no longer his wife.#Dt 24.1-4; Mt 19.7; Mk 10.4. 32But I tell you not to divorce your wife unless she has committed some terrible sexual sin.#5.32 some terrible sexual sin: This probably refers to the laws about the wrong kinds of marriages that are forbidden in Leviticus or to some serious sexual sin. If you divorce her, you will cause her to be unfaithful, just as any man who marries her is guilty of taking another man's wife.#Mt 19.9; Mk 10.11,12; Lk 16.18; 1 Co 7.10,11.
Promises
Jesus continued:
33You know that our ancestors were told, “Don't use the Lord's name to make a promise unless you are going to keep it.”#Lv 19.12; Nu 30.2; Dt 23.21. 34But I tell you not to swear by anything when you make a promise! Heaven is God's throne, so don't swear by heaven.#Jas 5.12; Is 66.1; Mt 23.22. 35The earth is God's footstool, so don't swear by the earth. Jerusalem is the city of the great king, so don't swear by it.#Is 66.1; Ps 48.2. 36Don't swear by your own head. You cannot make one hair white or black. 37When you make a promise, say only “Yes” or “No”. Anything else comes from the devil.
Revenge
(Luke 6.29,30)
Jesus continued:
38You know that you have been taught, “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.”#Ex 21.24; Lv 24.20; Dt 19.21. 39But I tell you not to try to get even with a person who has done something to you. When someone slaps your right cheek,#5.39 right cheek: A slap on the right cheek was a bad insult. turn and let that person slap your other cheek. 40If someone sues you for your shirt, give up your coat as well. 41If a soldier forces you to carry his pack one kilometre, carry it two kilometres.#5.41 two kilometres: A Roman soldier had the right to force a person to carry his pack as far as approximately one and a half kilometres. 42When people ask you for something, give it to them. When they want to borrow money, lend it to them.
Love
(Luke 6.27,28,32-36)
Jesus continued:
43You have heard people say, “Love your neighbours and hate your enemies.” 44But I tell you to love your enemies and pray for anyone who ill-treats you. 45Then you will be acting like your Father in heaven. He makes the sun rise on both good and bad people. And he sends rain for the ones who do right and for the ones who do wrong. 46If you love only those people who love you, will God reward you for that? Even tax collectors#5.46 tax collectors: These were usually Jewish people who paid the Romans for the right to collect taxes. They were hated by other Jews who thought of them as traitors to their country and to their religion. love their friends. 47If you greet only your friends, what's so great about that? Don't even unbelievers do that? 48But you must always act like your Father in heaven.#Lv 19.2; Dt 18.13.
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