Isaiah 66
66
True worship
1The LORD said:#Mt 5.34; 23.22; Mt 5.35.#Ac 7.49,50.
Heaven is my throne;
the earth is my footstool.
What kind of house
could you build for me?
In what place will I rest?
2I have made everything;
that's how it all came to be.#66.2 that's…be: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text.
I, the LORD, have spoken.
The people I treasure most
are the humble—
they depend only on me
and tremble when I speak.
3You sacrifice oxen to me,
and you commit murder;
you sacrifice lambs to me
and dogs to other gods;
you offer grain to me
and pigs' blood to idols;
you burn incense to me
and praise your idols.#66.3 You sacrifice oxen…idols: Or “Sacrificing oxen to me is the same as murder; sacrificing lambs to me is the same as sacrificing dogs to other gods; offering grain to me is the same as offering pigs' blood to idols; and burning incense to me is the same as praising idols.”
You have made your own choice
to do these disgusting things
that you enjoy so much.
4You refused to answer
when I called out;
you paid no attention
to my instructions.
Instead, you did what I hated,
knowing it was wrong.
Now I will punish#66.4 punish: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text. you
in a way you dread the most.
The LORD will help Jerusalem
5If you tremble
when the LORD speaks,
listen to what he says:
“Some of your own people hate
and reject you because of me.
They make fun and say,
‘Let the LORD show his power!
Let us see him
make you truly happy.’#66.5 Some…happy: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text.
But those who say these things
will be terribly ashamed.”
6Do you hear that noise
in the city and those shouts
coming from the temple?
It is the LORD shouting
as he punishes his enemies.
7Have you ever heard of a woman#Rev 12.5.
who gave birth to a child
before having labour pains?
8Who ever heard of such a thing
or imagined it could happen?
Can a nation be born in a day
or come to life in a second?
Jerusalem is like a mother
who gave birth to her children
as soon as she was in labour.
9The LORD is the one
who makes birth possible.
And he will see that Zion
has many more children.
The LORD has spoken.
10If you love Jerusalem,
celebrate and shout!
If you were in sorrow
because of the city,
you can now be glad.
11She will nurse and comfort you,
just like your own mother,
until you are satisfied.
You will fully enjoy
her wonderful glory.
12The LORD has promised:
“I will flood Jerusalem
with the wealth of nations
and make the city prosper.
Zion will nurse you at her breast,
carry you in her arms,
and hold you in her lap.
13I will comfort you there
like a mother
comforting her child.”
14When you see this happen,
you will celebrate;
your strength will return
faster than grass can sprout.
Then everyone will know
that the LORD is present
with his servants,
but he is angry
with his enemies.
15The LORD will come down
like a whirlwind
with his flaming chariots.
He will be terribly furious
and punish his enemies
with fire.
16The LORD's fiery sword
will bring justice
everywhere on this earth
and execute many people.
A threat and a promise
17Some of you get yourselves ready and go to a garden to worship a foreign goddess.#66.17 Some…goddess: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text. You eat the meat of pigs, lizards, and mice. But I, the LORD, will destroy you for this.
18I know everything you do and think! The time has now come#66.18 I…come: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text. to bring together the people of every language and nation and to show them my glory 19by proving what I can do.#66.19 by…do: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text. I will send the survivors to Tarshish, Pul,#66.19 Pul: Hebrew; one ancient translation “Put”, a country in Africa, but the location of neither Pul nor Put is known for certain. Lud, Meshech,#66.19 Meshech: One ancient translation; Hebrew “those who use bows and arrows”. Tubal, Javan,#66.19 Tarshish…Javan: Tarshish may have been a Phoenician city in Spain; Put (see note on Pul) and Lud were African people; Meshech and Tubal were regions south or south-east of the Black Sea; the Javan were people of Asia Minor and the Greek islands. and to the distant islands. I will send them to announce my wonderful glory to nations that have never heard about me.
20They will bring your relatives from the nations as an offering to me, the LORD. They will come on horses, chariots, wagons, mules, and camels#66.20 camels: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text. to Jerusalem, my holy mountain. It will be like the people of Israel bringing the right offering to my temple. 21I promise that some of them will be priests and others will be helpers in my temple. I, the LORD, have spoken.
22I also promise that you will always have descendants and will never be forgotten, just as the new heavens and the new earth that I create will last for ever.#Is 65.17; 2 P 3.13; Rev 21.1. 23On the first day of each month and on each Sabbath, everyone will worship me. I, the LORD, have spoken.
24My people will go out and look at the dead bodies of those who turned against me. The worms there never die, the fire never stops burning, and the sight of those bodies will be disgusting to everyone.#Mk 9.48.
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Isaiah 66: CEVUK
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© British and Foreign Bible Society 2012
Isaiah 66
66
1 This is what the Lord says:
“The heavens are my throne
and the earth is my footstool.
Where then is the house you will build for me?
Where is the place where I will rest?
2 My hand made them;#tn Heb “all these.” The phrase refers to the heavens and earth, mentioned in the previous verse.
that is how they came to be,”#tn Heb “and all these were.” Some prefer to emend וַיִּהְיוּ (vayyihyu, “and they were”) to וְלִי הָיוּ (vÿli hayu, “and to me they were”), i.e., “and they belong to me.” says the Lord.
I show special favor#tn Heb “and to this one I look” (KJV and NASB both similar). to the humble and contrite,
who respect what I have to say.#tn Heb “to the humble and the lowly in spirit and the one who trembles at my words.”
3 The one who slaughters a bull also strikes down a man;#tn Heb “one who slaughters a bull, one who strikes down a man.” Some understand a comparison here and in the following lines. In God’s sight the one who sacrifices is like (i.e., regarded as) a murderer or one whose worship is ritually defiled or idolatrous. The translation above assumes that the language is not metaphorical, but descriptive of the sinners’ hypocritical behavior. (Note the last two lines of the verse, which suggests they are guilty of abominable practices.) On the one hand, they act pious and offer sacrifices; but at the same time they commit violent crimes against men, defile their sacrifices, and worship other gods.
the one who sacrifices a lamb also breaks a dog’s neck;#tn Heb “one who sacrifices a lamb, one who breaks a dog’s neck.” Some understand a comparison, but see the previous note.sn The significance of breaking a dog’s neck is uncertain, though the structure of the statement when compared to the preceding and following lines suggests the action is viewed in a negative light. According to Exod 13:13 and 34:20, one was to “redeem” a firstborn donkey by offering a lamb; if one did not “redeem” the firstborn donkey in this way, then its neck must be broken. According to Deut 21:1-9 a heifer’s neck was to be broken as part of the atonement ritual to purify the land from the guilt of bloodshed. It is not certain if these passages relate in any way to the action described in Isa 66:3.
the one who presents an offering includes pig’s blood with it;#tn Heb “one who offers an offering, pig’s blood.” Some understand a comparison, but see the note at the end of the first line.
the one who offers incense also praises an idol.#tn Heb “one who offers incense as a memorial offering, one who blesses something false.” Some understand a comparison, but see the note at the end of the first line. אָוֶן (’aven), which has a wide variety of attested nuances, here refers metonymically to an idol. See HALOT 22 s.v. and BDB 20 s.v. 2.
They have decided to behave this way;#tn Heb “also they have chosen their ways.”
they enjoy these disgusting practices.#tn Heb “their being [or “soul”] takes delight in their disgusting [things].”
4 So I will choose severe punishment#tn The precise meaning of the noun is uncertain. It occurs only here and in 3:4 (but see the note there). It appears to be derived from the verbal root עָלַל (’alal), which can carry the nuance “deal severely.” for them;
I will bring on them what they dread,
because I called, and no one responded,
I spoke and they did not listen.
They did evil before me;#tn Heb “that which is evil in my eyes.”
they chose to do what displeases me.”
5 Hear the word of the Lord,
you who respect what he has to say!#tn Heb “who tremble at his word.”
Your countrymen,#tn Heb “brothers” (so NASB, NIV); NRSV “Your own people”; NLT “Your close relatives.” who hate you
and exclude you, supposedly for the sake of my name,
say, “May the Lord be glorified,
then we will witness your joy.”#tn Or “so that we might witness your joy.” The point of this statement is unclear.
But they will be put to shame.
6 The sound of battle comes from the city;
the sound comes from the temple!
It is the sound of the Lord paying back his enemies.
7 Before she goes into labor, she gives birth!
Before her contractions begin, she delivers a boy!
8 Who has ever heard of such a thing?
Who has ever seen this?
Can a country#tn Heb “land,” but here אֶרֶץ (’erets) stands metonymically for an organized nation (see the following line). be brought forth in one day?
Can a nation be born in a single moment?
Yet as soon as Zion goes into labor she gives birth to sons!
9 “Do I bring a baby to the birth opening and then not deliver it?”
asks the Lord.
“Or do I bring a baby to the point of delivery and then hold it back?”
asks your God.#sn The rhetorical questions expect the answer, “Of course not!”
10 Be happy for Jerusalem
and rejoice with her, all you who love her!
Share in her great joy,
all you who have mourned over her!
11 For#tn Or “in order that”; ASV, NRSV “that.” you will nurse from her satisfying breasts and be nourished;#tn Heb “you will suck and be satisfied, from her comforting breast.”
you will feed with joy from her milk-filled breasts.#tn Heb “you will slurp and refresh yourselves from her heavy breast.”sn Zion’s residents will benefit from and enjoy her great material prosperity. See v. 12.
12 For this is what the Lord says:
“Look, I am ready to extend to her prosperity that will flow like a river,
the riches of nations will flow into her like a stream that floods its banks.#tn Heb “Look, I am ready to extend to her like a river prosperity [or “peace”], and like an overflowing stream, the riches of nations.”
You will nurse from her breast#tn The words “from her breast” are supplied in the translation for clarification (see v. 11). and be carried at her side;
you will play on her knees.
13 As a mother consoles a child,#tn Heb “like a man whose mother comforts him.”
so I will console you,
and you will be consoled over Jerusalem.”
14 When you see this, you will be happy,#tn “and you will see and your heart will be happy.”
and you will be revived.#tn Heb “and your bones like grass will sprout.”
The Lord will reveal his power to his servants
and his anger to his enemies.#tn Heb “and the hand of the Lord will be made known to his servants, and anger to his enemies.”
15 For look, the Lord comes with fire,
his chariots come like a windstorm,#sn Chariots are like a windstorm in their swift movement and in the way that they kick up dust.
to reveal his raging anger,
his battle cry, and his flaming arrows.#tn Heb “to cause to return with the rage of his anger, and his battle cry [or “rebuke”] with flames of fire.”
16 For the Lord judges all humanity#tn Heb “flesh” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV); NIV “upon all men”; TEV “all the people of the world.”
with fire and his sword;
the Lord will kill many.#tn Heb “many are the slain of the Lord.”
17 “As for those who consecrate and ritually purify themselves so they can follow their leader and worship in the sacred orchards,#tn Heb “the ones who consecrate themselves and the ones who purify themselves toward the orchards [or “gardens”] after the one in the midst.” The precise meaning of the statement is unclear, though it is obvious that some form of idolatry is in view. those who eat the flesh of pigs and other disgusting creatures, like mice#tn Heb “ones who eat the flesh of the pig and the disgusting thing and the mouse.” – they will all be destroyed together,”#tn Heb “together they will come to an end.” says the Lord. 18 “I hate their deeds and thoughts! So I am coming#tc The Hebrew text reads literally “and I, their deeds and their thoughts, am coming.” The syntax here is very problematic, suggesting that the text may have suffered corruption. Some suggest that the words “their deeds and their thoughts” have been displaced from v. 17. This line presents two primary challenges. In the first place, the personal pronoun “I” has no verb after it. Most translations insert “know” for the sake of clarity (NASB, NRSV, NLT, ESV). The NIV has “I, because of their actions and their imaginations…” Since God’s “knowledge” of Israel’s sin occasions judgment, the verb “hate” is an option as well (see above translation). The feminine form of the next verb (בָּאָה, ba’ah) could be understood in one of two ways. One could provide an implied noun “time” (עֵת, ’et) and render the next line “the time is coming/has come” (NASB, ESV). One could also emend the feminine verb to the masculine בָּא (ba’) and have the “I” at the beginning of the line govern this verb as well (for the Lord is speaking here): “I am coming” (cf. NIV, NCV, NRSV, TEV, NLT). to gather all the nations and ethnic groups;#tn Heb “and the tongues”; KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV “and tongues.” they will come and witness my splendor. 19 I will perform a mighty act among them#tn Heb “and I will set a sign among them.” The precise meaning of this statement is unclear. Elsewhere “to set a sign” means “perform a mighty act” (Ps 78:43; Jer 32:20), “make [someone] an object lesson” (Ezek 14:8), and “erect a [literal] standard” (Ps 74:4). and then send some of those who remain to the nations – to Tarshish, Pul,#tn Some prefer to read “Put” (i.e., Libya). Lud#sn That is, Lydia (in Asia Minor). (known for its archers#tn Heb “drawers of the bow” (KJV and ASV both similar).), Tubal, Javan,#sn Javan is generally identified today as Greece (so NIV, NCV, NLT). and to the distant coastlands#tn Or “islands” (NIV). that have not heard about me or seen my splendor. They will tell the nations of my splendor. 20 They will bring back all your countrymen#tn Heb “brothers” (so NIV); NCV “fellow Israelites.” from all the nations as an offering to the Lord. They will bring them#tn The words “they will bring them” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. on horses, in chariots, in wagons, on mules, and on camels#tn The precise meaning of this word is uncertain. Some suggest it refers to “chariots.” See HALOT 498 s.v. *כִּרְכָּרָה. to my holy hill Jerusalem,” says the Lord, “just as the Israelites bring offerings to the Lord’s temple in ritually pure containers. 21 And I will choose some of them as priests and Levites,” says the Lord. 22 “For just as the new heavens and the new earth I am about to make will remain standing before me,” says the Lord, “so your descendants and your name will remain. 23 From one month#tn Heb “new moon.” The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2. to the next and from one Sabbath to the next, all people#tn Heb “all flesh” (so KJV, ASV, NRSV); NAB, NASB, NIV “all mankind”; NLT “All humanity.” will come to worship me,”#tn Or “bow down before” (NASB). says the Lord. 24 “They will go out and observe the corpses of those who rebelled against me, for the maggots that eat them will not die,#tn Heb “for their worm will not die.” and the fire that consumes them will not die out.#tn Heb “and their fire will not be extinguished.” All people will find the sight abhorrent.”#tn Heb “and they will be an abhorrence to all flesh.”sn This verse depicts a huge mass burial site where the seemingly endless pile of maggot-infested corpses are being burned.
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