Exodus 1
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Gen 46.8-27; Num 26.4-50. These are the names of the sons of Israel who came to Egypt with Jacob, each with his household: 2Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, 3Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin, 4Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher. 5#Acts 7.14-18. All the offspring of Jacob were seventy persons; Joseph was already in Egypt. 6Then Joseph died, and all his brothers, and all that generation. 7But the descendants of Israel were fruitful and increased greatly; they multiplied and grew exceedingly strong; so that the land was filled with them.
8Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who did not know Joseph. 9And he said to his people, “Behold, the people of Israel are too many and too mighty for us. 10#Acts 7.19. Come, let us deal shrewdly with them, lest they multiply, and, if war befall us, they join our enemies and fight against us and escape from the land.” 11Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with heavy burdens; and they built for Pharaoh store-cities, Pithom and Ra-amses. 12But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and the more they spread abroad. And the Egyptians were in dread of the people of Israel. 13So they made the people of Israel serve with rigor, 14and made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and brick, and in all kinds of work in the field; in all their work they made them serve with rigor.
15Then the king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, one of whom was named Shiphrah and the other Puah, 16“When you serve as midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the birthstool, if it is a son, you shall kill him; but if it is a daughter, she shall live.” 17But the midwives feared God, and did not do as the king of Egypt commanded them, but let the male children live. 18So the king of Egypt called the midwives, and said to them, “Why have you done this, and let the male children live?” 19The midwives said to Pharaoh, “Because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women; for they are vigorous and are delivered before the midwife comes to them.” 20So God dealt well with the midwives; and the people multiplied and grew very strong. 21And because the midwives feared God he gave them families. 22Then Pharaoh commanded all his people, “Every son that is born to the Hebrews#1.22 Sam Gk Tg: Heb lacks to the Hebrews you shall cast into the Nile, but you shall let every daughter live.”
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Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America
Exodus 1
1
Israel Oppressed in Egypt
1These are the names of the sons of Israel who came to Egypt with Jacob; each came with his family: # Gn 46:8
2Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah;
3Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin;
4Dan and Naphtali; Gad and Asher.
5The total number of Jacob’s descendants # Lit of people issuing from Jacob’s loins was 70; # LXX, DSS read 75 ; Gn 46:27; Ac 7:14 # Gn 46:26-27; Dt 10:22 Joseph was already in Egypt.
6Then Joseph and all his brothers and all that generation died. # Gn 50:26 7But the Israelites were fruitful, increased rapidly, multiplied, and became extremely numerous # Gn 12:2; 46:3; Dt 26:5; Ac 7:17 so that the land was filled with them.
8A new king, who had not known Joseph, came to power in Egypt. 9He said to his people, “Look, the Israelite people are more numerous and powerful than we are. # Ps 105:24 10Let us deal shrewdly with them; otherwise they will multiply further, and if war breaks out, they may join our enemies, fight against us, and leave the country.” # Ps 83:3-4; Ac 7:19 11So the Egyptians assigned taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. # Gn 15:13; Ex 2:11; 3:7; 5:4-5; 6:6; Dt 26:6 They built Pithom and Rameses as supply cities # Gn 47:11; 1Kg 9:19; 2Ch 8:4 for Pharaoh. 12But the more they oppressed them, the more they multiplied and spread so that the Egyptians came to dread # Or Egyptians loathed the Israelites. 13They worked the Israelites ruthlessly # Dt 4:20 14and made their lives bitter with difficult labor in brick and mortar and in all kinds of fieldwork. They ruthlessly imposed all this work on them. # Ex 2:23; Nm 20:15; Ac 7:19
15Then the king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, one of whom was named Shiphrah and the other Puah, 16“When you help the Hebrew women give birth, observe them as they deliver. # Lit birth, look at the stones If the child is a son, kill him, but if it’s a daughter, she may live.” 17The Hebrew midwives, however, feared God # Ex 1:21; Pr 16:6 and did not do as the king of Egypt had told them; # Dn 3:16-18; Ac 4:18-20; 5:29 they let the boys live. 18So the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and asked them, “Why have you done this and let the boys live? ”
19The midwives said to Pharaoh, “The Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women, for they are vigorous and give birth before a midwife can get to them.” # Jos 2:4; 2Sm 17:20
20So God was good to the midwives, # Pr 11:18; Is 3:10 and the people multiplied and became very numerous. 21Since the midwives feared God, He gave them families. # 1Sm 2:35; 2Sm 7:11,27; 1Kg 11:38; Ps 127:1 22Pharaoh then commanded all his people: “You must throw every son born to the Hebrews # Sam, LXX, Tg; MT omits to the Hebrews into the Nile, but let every daughter live.” # Gn 41:1; Ac 7:19
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