Isaiah 51
51
Zion’s Restoration
1“Listen to me, you who chase after righteousness, # 51:1 See Deut. 16:20; Prov. 15:9; 21:21.
you who passionately pursue the Lord.
Look back to Abraham, the rock from which you were cut,
to Sarah, the quarry from which you were dug,
and remember what I did for them.
2Yes, look to Abraham your father and to Sarah, who bore you.
For when I called Abraham, he was but one person,
but I blessed him greatly so that one became many.” # 51:2 Part of the Abrahamic blessing was the power to procreate, even when Sarah was barren.
3Indeed, Yahweh will comfort Zion, restore her,
and comfort all her broken places.
He will transform her wilderness into the garden of Bliss, # 51:3 Or “the garden of Eden.” See Joel 2:3.
her desert into the garden of Yahweh.
Joy and laughter will fill the air # 51:3 Or “will abide in her.”
with thanksgiving and joyous melodies.
4“Listen to me, my people;
pay attention to me, my nation.
For I release my teaching to the nations,
and I will cause the light of justice to rest on them. # 51:4 Or “I will make my justice a light for the nations.” See John 8:12.
5My righteousness is coming closer, # 51:5 See Mark 1:14–15. Isa. 51:5 gives us three pictures of Jesus Christ: God’s righteousness, God’s salvation, and God’s mighty arms.
and my salvation has gone out.
My mighty arms will govern the people.
The islands will trust in me
and put their hope in the unveiling of my might. # 51:5 Or “hope in my arm [of power].”
6Lift up your eyes to the heavenly realm
and look at the earth far below.
Though the heavens disappear like smoke,
though the earth wears out like a garment,
and though all the people die like gnats,
my salvation will endure forever
and my righteousness will never end!
7So listen to me, you who care for what is right,
who treasure my teaching in your hearts:
Do not fear the insults of others;
do not be troubled when they revile you.
8They are nothing for you to fear,
for the moth will eat them up like a shirt
and the worm will consume them like wool,
but my righteousness will last forever
and my salvation from generation to generation.”
Cry Out to God
9Awake, God, awake!
Arm of Yahweh, put on your robe of strength!
Awake and do the works of power as in ancient days,
as in generations past!
Wasn’t it you who smashed the sea monster # 51:9 This is the Hebrew word rahav (Rahab), likely a metaphor for Egypt. to pieces,
who pierced the dragon # 51:9 See Ps. 74:13–14; Ezek. 29:3. in generations long ago?
10Wasn’t it you who dried up the Red Sea with its deep waters
and made a path through the sea to rescue # 51:10 Or “to cross over.” your redeemed?
11Do it again!
Those Yahweh has set free
will return to Zion and come celebrating with songs of joy!
They will be crowned with never-ending joy!
Gladness and joy will overwhelm them;
despair and depression will disappear!
12“I, yes I, am the one who comforts you.
All the sons of men will be cut down and fade like grass.
Why then would you be afraid of a mere human being?
13You have forgotten that Yahweh, your Maker,
stretched out the skies and laid earth’s firm foundation.
But you live each day constantly worrying, # 51:13 Or “trembling.”
living in fear of your angry oppressor
who is bent on your destruction.
But their fury cannot touch you!
14Those who are suffering will soon be released.
They will not die in their dark dungeon,
nor will they go hungry.
15For I am Yahweh, your faithful God,
who split the sea with its roaring waves. # 51:15 See Ps. 74:13; Jer. 31:35.
My name is Lord Yahweh, Commander of Angel Armies!”
Hidden in the Hollow of His Hand
16“I have placed my words in your mouth # 51:16 Jesus Christ is the true Prophet who has the words of God in his mouth.
and have hidden you in the hollow # 51:16 Or “shadow.” of my hand
to establish the heavens and make the earth rock solid.
You will say to Zion, ‘You are my people!’ ”
Wake Up, Zion
17Wake up! Wake up! # 51:17 In v. 9, the people were crying out to God to awaken and arise, but here God was telling the people they were the ones who must wake up and arise. Get up, Jerusalem!
You have drunk enough from the cup Yahweh handed you.
It was the cup of his anger, and you’ve drained it dry—
the intoxicating bowl that makes men stagger!
18There are none of Zion’s children left,
none to guide her home # 51:18 The image here is that Zion has been intoxicated by drinking the cup of God’s anger (see Jer. 49:12) and there is no one there to take her home in that condition. In the culture of that day, it was the responsibility of children to guide a drunken parent home. and take her by the hand,
none among all the children she has raised.
19Twin calamities have come upon you,
but who will feel sorry for you?
Disaster and devastation, famine and war, # 51:19 Although there are four listed, this double calamity is seen in two couplets (disaster and devastation, famine and war).
but who will comfort you?
20Your children have fainted and lie fallen in the streets,
like a gazelle caught in a net.
Yahweh’s anger,
the rebuke of your God, has overwhelmed them.
21So listen, you who are weak and wounded,
who are intoxicated not with wine but with God’s anger.
22This is what your sovereign ruler,
Lord Yahweh, your God,
the Mighty Defender of his people, says:
“Look! I have removed from your hand
the intoxicating cup that made you stagger.
You will no longer drink from the bowl of my anger.
23Instead, I will put that bowl
in the hands of your tormentors who said to you,
‘Lie down so we can walk all over you!’
For your back became like the ground they trample on,
like a street for them to walk on.”
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Isaiah 51: TPT
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Learn More About The Passion TranslationIsaiah 51
51
There is Hope for the Future
1 “Listen to me, you who pursue godliness,#tn Or “righteousness” (KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV); NAB “justice”; NLT “hope for deliverance.”
who seek the Lord!
Look at the rock from which you were chiseled,
at the quarry#tn Heb “the excavation of the hole.” from which you were dug!#sn The “rock” and “quarry” refer here to Abraham and Sarah, the progenitors of the nation.
2 Look at Abraham, your father,
and Sarah, who gave you birth.#sn Although Abraham and Sarah are distant ancestors of the people the prophet is addressing, they are spoken of as the immediate parents.
When I summoned him, he was a lone individual,#tn Heb “one”; NLT “was alone”; TEV “was childless.”
but I blessed him#tn “Bless” may here carry the sense of “endue with potency, reproductive power.” See Gen 1:28. and gave him numerous descendants.#tn Heb “and I made him numerous.”
3 Certainly the Lord will console Zion;
he will console all her ruins.
He will make her wilderness like Eden,
her desert like the Garden of the Lord.
Happiness and joy will be restored to#tn Heb “found in” (so NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV). her,
thanksgiving and the sound of music.
4 Pay attention to me, my people!
Listen to me, my people!
For#tn Or “certainly.” I will issue a decree,#tn Heb “instruction [or “a law”] will go out from me.”
I will make my justice a light to the nations.#tn Heb “and my justice for a light to the nations I will cause to rest.”
5 I am ready to vindicate,#tn Heb “my righteousness [or “vindication”] is near.”
I am ready to deliver,#tn Heb “my deliverance goes forth.”
I will establish justice among the nations.#tn Heb “and my arms will judge [on behalf of] nations.”
The coastlands#tn Or “islands” (NIV); TEV “Distant lands.” wait patiently for me;
they wait in anticipation for the revelation of my power.#tn Heb “for my arm” (so NIV, NRSV).
6 Look up at the sky!
Look at the earth below!
For the sky will dissipate#tn Heb “will be torn in pieces.” The perfect indicates the certitude of the event, from the Lord’s rhetorical perspective. like smoke,
and the earth will wear out like clothes;
its residents will die like gnats.
But the deliverance I give#tn Heb “my deliverance.” The same Hebrew word can also be translated “salvation” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT); cf. CEV “victory.” is permanent;
the vindication I provide#tn Heb “my righteousness [or “vindication”].” will not disappear.#tn Heb “will not be shattered [or “dismayed”].”
7 Listen to me, you who know what is right,
you people who are aware of my law!#tn Heb “people (who have) my law in their heart.”
Don’t be afraid of the insults of men;
don’t be discouraged because of their abuse!
8 For a moth will eat away at them like clothes;
a clothes moth will devour them like wool.
But the vindication I provide#tn Heb “my vindication”; many English versions “my righteousness”; NRSV, TEV “my deliverance”; CEV “my victory.” will be permanent;
the deliverance I give will last.”
9 Wake up! Wake up!
Clothe yourself with strength, O arm of the Lord!#tn The arm of the Lord is a symbol of divine military power. Here it is personified and told to arouse itself from sleep and prepare for action.
Wake up as in former times, as in antiquity!
Did you not smash#tn Heb “Are you not the one who smashed?” The feminine singular forms agree grammatically with the feminine noun “arm.” The Hebrew text has ַהמַּחְצֶבֶת (hammakhtsevet), from the verbal root חָצַב (khatsav, “hew, chop”). The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa has, probably correctly, המחצת, from the verbal root מָחַץ (makhats, “smash”) which is used in Job 26:12 to describe God’s victory over “the Proud One.” the Proud One?#tn This title (רַהַב, rahav, “proud one”) is sometimes translated as a proper name: “Rahab” (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV). It is used here of a symbolic sea monster, known elsewhere in the Bible and in Ugaritic myth as Leviathan. This sea creature symbolizes the forces of chaos that seek to destroy the created order. In the Bible “the Proud One” opposes God’s creative work, but is defeated (see Job 26:12; Ps 89:10). Here the title refers to Pharaoh’s Egyptian army that opposed Israel at the Red Sea (see v. 10, and note also Isa 30:7 and Ps 87:4, where the title is used of Egypt).
Did you not#tn The words “did you not” are understood by ellipsis (note the preceding line). The rhetorical questions here and in v. 10 expect the answer, “Yes, you certainly did!” wound the sea monster?#tn Hebrew תַּנִּין (tannin) is another name for the symbolic sea monster. See the note at 27:1. In this context the sea creature represents Egypt. See the note on the title “Proud One” earlier in this verse.
10 Did you not dry up the sea,
the waters of the great deep?
Did you not make#tn The Hebrew text reads literally, “Are you not the one who dried up the sea, the waters of the great deep, who made…?” a path through the depths of the sea,
so those delivered from bondage#tn Heb “the redeemed” (so ASV, NASB, NIV, NRSV); KJV “the ransomed.” could cross over?
11 Those whom the Lord has ransomed will return;
they will enter Zion with a happy shout.
Unending joy will crown them,#tn Heb “[will be] on their head[s].” “Joy” may be likened here to a crown (cf. 2 Sam 1:10). The statement may also be an ironic twist on the idiom “earth/dust on the head” (cf. 2 Sam 1:2; 13:19; 15:32; Job 2:12), referring to a mourning practice.
happiness and joy will overwhelm#tn Heb “overtake” (so NIV); NASB “they will obtain.” them;
grief and suffering will disappear.#tn Heb “grief and groaning will flee.”
12 “I, I am the one who consoles you.#tc The plural suffix should probably be emended to the second masculine singular (which is used in v. 13). The final mem (ם) is probably dittographic; note the mem at the beginning of the next word.
Why are you afraid of mortal men,
of mere human beings who are as short-lived as grass?#tn Heb “Who are you that you are afraid of man who dies, and of the son of man who [as] grass is given up?” The feminine singular forms should probably be emended to the masculine singular (see v. 13). They have probably been influenced by the construction אַתְּ־הִיא (’at-hi’) in vv. 9-10.
13 Why do you forget#tn Heb “and that you forget.” the Lord, who made you,
who stretched out the sky#tn Or “the heavens” (also in v. 16). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.
and founded the earth?
Why do you constantly tremble all day long#tn Heb “and that you tremble constantly all the day.”
at the anger of the oppressor,
when he makes plans to destroy?
Where is the anger of the oppressor?#tn The question anticipates the answer, “Ready to disappear!” See v. 14.
14 The one who suffers#tn Heb “who is stooped over” (under a burden). will soon be released;
he will not die in prison,#tn Heb “the pit” (so KJV); ASV, NAB “die and go down into the pit”; NASB, NIV “dungeon”; NCV “prison.”
he will not go hungry.#tn Heb “he will not lack his bread.”
15 I am the Lord your God,
who churns up the sea so that its waves surge.
The Lord who commands armies is his name!
Zion’s Time to Celebrate
16 I commission you#tn The addressee (second masculine singular, as in vv. 13, 15) in this verse is unclear. The exiles are addressed in the immediately preceding verses (note the critical tone of vv. 12-13 and the reference to the exiles in v. 14). However, it seems unlikely that they are addressed in v. 16, for the addressee appears to be commissioned to tell Zion, who here represents the restored exiles, “you are my people.” The addressee is distinct from the exiles. The language of v. 16a is reminiscent of 49:2 and 50:4, where the Lord’s special servant says he is God’s spokesman and effective instrument. Perhaps the Lord, having spoken to the exiles in vv. 1-15, now responds to this servant, who spoke just prior to this in 50:4-11. as my spokesman;#tn Heb “I place my words in your mouth.”
I cover you with the palm of my hand,#tn Heb “with the shadow of my hand.”
to establish#tc The Hebrew text has לִנְטֹעַ (lintoa’, “to plant”). Several scholars prefer to emend this form to לִנְטֹת (lintot) from נָטָה (natah, “to stretch out”); see v. 13, as well as 40:22; 42:5; 44:24; 45:12; cf. NAB, NCV, NRSV. However, since the Qumran scroll 1QIsaa, LXX (and Aquila and Symmachus), and Vulgate support the MT reading, there is no need to emend the form. The interpretation is clear enough: Yahweh fixed the sky in its place. the sky and to found the earth,
to say to Zion, ‘You are my people.’”#tn The infinitives in v. 16b are most naturally understood as indicating the purpose of the divine actions described in v. 16a. The relationship of the third infinitive to the commission is clear enough – the Lord has made the addressee (his special servant?) his spokesman so that the latter might speak encouraging words to those in Zion. But how do the first two infinitives relate? The text seems to indicate that the Lord has commissioned the addressee so that the latter might create the universe! Perhaps creation imagery is employed metaphorically here to refer to the transformation that Jerusalem will experience (see 65:17-18).
17 Wake up! Wake up!
Get up, O Jerusalem!
You drank from the cup the Lord passed to you,
which was full of his anger!#tn Heb “[you] who have drunk from the hand of the Lord the cup of his anger.”
You drained dry
the goblet full of intoxicating wine.#tn Heb “the goblet, the cup [that causes] staggering, you drank, you drained.”
18 There was no one to lead her
among all the children she bore;
there was no one to take her by the hand
among all the children she raised.
19 These double disasters confronted you.
But who feels sorry for you?
Destruction and devastation,
famine and sword.
But who consoles you?#tc The Hebrew text has אֲנַחֲמֵךְ (’anakhamekh), a first person form, but the Qumran scroll 1QIsaa reads correctly יִנַחֲמֵךְ (yinakhamekh), a third person form.
20 Your children faint;
they lie at the head of every street
like an antelope in a snare.
They are left in a stupor by the Lord’s anger,
by the battle cry of your God.#tn Heb “those who are full of the anger of the Lord, the shout [or “rebuke”] of your God.”
21 So listen to this, oppressed one,
who is drunk, but not from wine!
22 This is what your sovereign master,#tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay). the Lord your God, says:
“Look, I have removed from your hand
the cup of intoxicating wine,#tn Heb “the cup of [= that causes] staggering” (so ASV, NAB, NRSV); NASB “the cup of reeling.”
the goblet full of my anger.#tn Heb “the goblet of the cup of my anger.”
You will no longer have to drink it.
23 I will put it into the hand of your tormentors#tn That is, to make them drink it.
who said to you, ‘Lie down, so we can walk over you.’
You made your back like the ground,
and like the street for those who walked over you.”
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