Genesis 48
48
Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh
1Some time after this, Joseph was told, “Your father is weaker.” So he set out with his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. 2When Jacob was told, “Your son Joseph has come to you,” Israel summoned his strength and sat up in bed.
3Jacob said to Joseph, “God Almighty#Gn 17:1 appeared to me at Luz#Gn 28:13,19; 35:6,9 in the land of Canaan and blessed me. 4He said to me, ‘I will make you fruitful and numerous; I will make many nations come from you, and I will give this land as a permanent possession#Gn 17:8 to your future descendants.’#Gn 35:9–12 5Your two sons#Gn 41:50–52; 46:20 born to you in the land of Egypt before I came to you in Egypt are now mine.#Jos 13:7; 14:4; 17:17 Ephraim and Manasseh belong to me just as Reuben and Simeon do. 6Children born to you after them will be yours and will be recorded under the names of their brothers with regard to their inheritance. 7When I was returning from Paddan, to my sorrow Rachel died along the way,#Gn 35:9–19 some distance from Ephrath in the land of Canaan. I buried her there along the way to Ephrath” (that is, Bethlehem).
8When Israel saw Joseph’s sons, he said, “Who are these?”
9And Joseph said to his father, “They are my sons God has given me here.”
So Israel said, “Bring them to me and I will bless them.”#Gn 27:4; 49:25–26; Heb 11:21 10Now his eyesight was poor because of old age; he could hardly#48:10 Lit he was not able to see.#Gn 27:1 Joseph brought them to him, and he kissed and embraced them.#Gn 27:27 11Israel said to Joseph, “I never expected to see your face again, but now God has even let me see your offspring.” 12Then Joseph took them from his father’s knees and bowed with his face to the ground.#Gn 18:2; 24:52; 33:3; 42:6; 43:26; Ex 34:8
Ephraim’s Greater Blessing
13Then Joseph took them both — with his right hand Ephraim toward Israel’s left, and with his left hand Manasseh toward Israel’s right — and brought them to Israel. 14But Israel stretched out his right hand and put it on the head of Ephraim, the younger, and crossing his hands, put his left on Manasseh’s head, although Manasseh was the firstborn.#Gn 25:23; 27:18–30 15Then he blessed Joseph and said:
The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked,#Gn 17:1; 24:40
the God who has been my shepherd#Gn 49:24; Ps 23:1; Jr 31:10 all my life to this day,
16the angel who has redeemed me from all harm#Gn 28:13–15; 31:11; Is 63:9; Ac 7:35 —
may he bless these boys.
And may they be called by my name
and the names of my fathers Abraham and Isaac,#Dt 28:10; 2Ch 7:14; Is 4:1; 43:1; 48:1
and may they grow to be numerous within the land.
17When Joseph saw that his father had placed his right hand on Ephraim’s head, he thought it was a mistake#48:17 Or he was displeased; lit head, it was bad in his eyes and took his father’s hand to move it from Ephraim’s head to Manasseh’s. 18Joseph said to his father, “Not that way, my father! This one is the firstborn. Put your right hand on his head.”
19But his father refused and said, “I know, my son, I know! He too will become a tribe,#48:19 Lit people and he too will be great; nevertheless, his younger brother will be greater than he, and his offspring will become a populous nation.”#48:19 Or a multitude of nations; lit a fullness of nations 20So he blessed them that day, putting Ephraim before Manasseh when he said, “The nation Israel will invoke blessings by you, saying, ‘May God make you like Ephraim and Manasseh.’”
21Israel said to Joseph, “Look, I am about to die, but God will be with you and will bring you back to the land of your fathers.#Gn 46:4; 50:24 22Over and above what I am giving your brothers, I am giving you the one mountain slope#48:22 Or Shechem, Joseph’s burial place; lit one shoulder that I took from the Amorites with my sword and bow.”#Gn 34:25–29; Jos 24:32; Jn 4:5
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Genesis 48: CSB
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© 2017 Holman Bible Publishers
Genesis 48
48
Manasseh and Ephraim
1 After these things Joseph was told,#tn Heb “and one said.” With no expressed subject in the Hebrew text, the verb can be translated with the passive voice. “Your father is weakening.” So he took his two sons Manasseh and Ephraim with him. 2 When Jacob was told,#tn Heb “and one told and said.” The verbs have no expressed subject and can be translated with the passive voice. “Your son Joseph has just#tn Heb “Look, your son Joseph.” come to you,” Israel regained strength and sat up on his bed. 3 Jacob said to Joseph, “The sovereign God#tn Heb “El Shaddai.” See the extended note on the phrase “sovereign God” in Gen 17:1. appeared to me at Luz in the land of Canaan and blessed me. 4 He said to me, ‘I am going to make you fruitful#tn Heb “Look, I am making you fruitful.” The participle following הִנֵּה (hinneh) has the nuance of a certain and often imminent future. and will multiply you.#tn The perfect verbal form with vav consecutive carries on the certain future idea. I will make you into a group of nations, and I will give this land to your descendants#tn The Hebrew text adds “after you,” which has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons. as an everlasting possession.’#tn The Hebrew word אֲחֻזָּה (’akhuzzah), translated “possession,” describes a permanent holding in the land. It is the noun form of the same verb (אָחַז, ’akhaz) that was used for the land given to them in Goshen (Gen 47:27).
5 “Now, as for your two sons, who were born to you in the land of Egypt before I came to you in Egypt, they will be mine.#sn They will be mine. Jacob is here adopting his two grandsons Manasseh and Ephraim as his sons, and so they will have equal share with the other brothers. They will be in the place of Joseph and Levi (who will become a priestly tribe) in the settlement of the land. See I. Mendelsohn, “A Ugaritic Parallel to the Adoption of Ephraim and Manasseh,” IEJ (1959): 180-83. Ephraim and Manasseh will be mine just as Reuben and Simeon are. 6 Any children that you father#tn Or “you fathered.” after them will be yours; they will be listed#tn Heb “called” or “named.” under the names of their brothers in their inheritance.#sn Listed under the names of their brothers in their inheritance. This means that any subsequent children of Joseph will be incorporated into the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. 7 But as for me, when I was returning from Paddan, Rachel died – to my sorrow#tn Heb “upon me, against me,” which might mean something like “to my sorrow.” – in the land of Canaan. It happened along the way, some distance from Ephrath. So I buried her there on the way to Ephrath” (that is, Bethlehem).#map For location see Map5-B1; Map7-E2; Map8-E2; Map10-B4.
8 When Israel saw Joseph’s sons, he asked, “Who are these?” 9 Joseph said to his father, “They are the#tn Heb “my.” sons God has given me in this place.” His father#tn Heb “and he”; the referent (Joseph’s father) has been specified in the translation for clarity. said, “Bring them to me so I may bless them.”#tn The cohortative with prefixed vav (ו) indicates purpose after the imperative. 10 Now Israel’s eyes were failing#tn Heb “heavy.”sn The disjunctive clause provides supplemental information that is important to the story. The weakness of Israel’s sight is one of several connections between this chapter and Gen 27. Here there are two sons, and it appears that the younger is being blessed over the older by a blind old man. While it was by Jacob’s deception in chap. 27, here it is with Jacob’s full knowledge. because of his age; he was not able to see well. So Joseph#tn Heb “he”; the referent (Joseph) has been specified in the translation for clarity. brought his sons#tn Heb “them”; the referent (Joseph’s sons) has been specified in the translation for clarity. near to him, and his father#tn Heb “and he”; the referent (Joseph’s father) has been specified in the translation for clarity. kissed them and embraced them. 11 Israel said to Joseph, “I never expected#tn On the meaning of the Hebrew verb פָּלַל (palal) here, see E. A. Speiser, “The Stem pll in Hebrew,” JBL 82 (1963): 301-6. Speiser argues that this verb means “to estimate” as in Exod 21:22. to see you#tn Heb “your face.” again, but now God has allowed me to see your children#tn Heb “offspring.” too.”
12 So Joseph moved them from Israel’s knees#tn Heb “and Joseph brought them out from with his knees.” The two boys had probably been standing by Israel’s knees when being adopted and blessed. The referent of the pronoun “his” (Israel) has been specified in the translation for clarity. and bowed down with his face to the ground. 13 Joseph positioned them;#tn Heb “and Joseph took the two of them.” he put Ephraim on his right hand across from Israel’s left hand, and Manasseh on his left hand across from Israel’s right hand. Then Joseph brought them closer to his father.#tn Heb “and he brought near to him.” The referents of the pronouns “he” and “him” (Joseph and his father respectively) have been specified in the translation for clarity. 14 Israel stretched out his right hand and placed it on Ephraim’s head, although he was the younger.#tn The disjunctive clause is circumstantial-concessive here. Crossing his hands, he put his left hand on Manasseh’s head, for Manasseh was the firstborn.
15 Then he blessed Joseph and said,
“May the God before whom my fathers
Abraham and Isaac walked –
the God who has been my shepherd#tn Heb “shepherded me.” The verb has been translated as an English noun for stylistic reasons.
all my life long to this day,
16 the Angel#sn The Samaritan Pentateuch reads “king” here, but the traditional reading (“angel”) may be maintained. Jacob closely associates God with an angelic protective presence. This does not mean that Jacob viewed his God as a mere angel, but it does suggest that he was aware of an angelic presence sent by God to protect him. Here he so closely associates the two that they become virtually indistinguishable. In this culture messengers typically carried the authority of the one who sent them and could even be addressed as such. Perhaps Jacob thought that the divine blessing would be mediated through this angelic messenger. who has protected me#tn The verb גָּאַל (ga’al) has the basic idea of “protect” as a near relative might do. It is used for buying someone out of bondage, marrying a deceased brother’s widow, paying off debts, avenging the family, and the like. The meanings of “deliver, protect, avenge” are most fitting when God is the subject (see A. R. Johnson, “The Primary Meaning of √גאל,” Congress Volume: Copenhagen, 1953 [VTSup], 67-77).
from all harm –
bless these boys.
May my name be named in them,#tn Or “be recalled through them.”
and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac.
May they grow into a multitude on the earth.”
17 When Joseph saw that his father placed his right hand on Ephraim’s head, it displeased him.#tn Heb “it was bad in his eyes.” So he took his father’s hand to move it from Ephraim’s head to Manasseh’s head. 18 Joseph said to his father, “Not so, my father, for this is the firstborn. Put your right hand on his head.”
19 But his father refused and said, “I know, my son, I know. He too will become a nation and he too will become great. In spite of this, his younger brother will be even greater and his descendants will become a multitude#tn Heb “fullness.” of nations.” 20 So he blessed them that day, saying,
“By you#tn The pronoun is singular in the Hebrew text, apparently elevating Ephraim as the more prominent of the two. Note, however, that both are named in the blessing formula that follows. will Israel bless,#tn Or “pronounce a blessing.” saying,
‘May God make you like Ephraim and Manasseh.’”
So he put Ephraim before Manasseh.#sn On the elevation of Ephraim over Manasseh see E. C. Kingsbury, “He Set Ephraim Before Manasseh,” HUCA 38 (1967): 129-36; H. Mowvley, “The Concept and Content of ‘Blessing’ in the Old Testament,” BT 16 (1965): 74-80; and I. Mendelsohn, “On the Preferential Status of the Eldest Son,” BASOR 156 (1959): 38-40.
21 Then Israel said to Joseph, “I am about to die, but God will be with you#tn The pronouns translated “you,” “you,” and “your” in this verse are plural in the Hebrew text. and will bring you back to the land of your fathers. 22 As one who is above your#tn The pronouns translated “your” and “you” in this verse are singular in the Hebrew text. brothers, I give to you the mountain slope,#tn The Hebrew word שְׁכֶם (shÿkhem) could be translated either as “mountain slope” or “shoulder, portion,” or even taken as the proper name “Shechem.” Jacob was giving Joseph either (1) one portion above his brothers, or (2) the mountain ridge he took from the Amorites, or (3) Shechem. The ambiguity actually allows for all three to be the referent. He could be referring to the land in Shechem he bought in Gen 33:18-19, but he mentions here that it was acquired by warfare, suggesting that the events of 34:25-29 are in view (even though at the time he denounced it, 34:30). Joseph was later buried in Shechem (Josh 24:32). which I took from the Amorites with my sword and my bow.”
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