Psalms 80
80
PSALM 80
Common Meter: 8,6,8,6
To the chief musician upon Shoshannim, Eduth,
A Psalm of Asaph.
1Hear, Isr'el's Shepherd! like a flock
thou that dost Joseph guide;
Shine forth, O thou that dost between
the cherubims abide.
2In Ephraim's, and Benjamin's
and in Manasseh's sight,
O come for our salvation;
stir up thy strength and might.
3Turn us again, O Lord our God,
and upon us vouchsafe
To make thy countenance to shine,
and so we shall be safe.
4O Lord of hosts, almighty God,
how long shall kindled be
Thy wrath against the prayer made
by thine own folk to thee?
5Thou tears of sorrow giv'st to them
instead of bread to eat;
Yea, tears instead of drink thou giv'st
to them in measure great.
6Thou makest us a strife unto
our neighbours round about;
Our enemies among themselves
at us do laugh and flout.
7Turn us again, O God of hosts,
and upon us vouchsafe
To make thy countenance to shine,
and so we shall be safe.
8A vine from Egypt brought thou hast,
by thine outstretched hand;
And thou the heathen out didst cast,
to plant it in their land.
9Before it thou a room didst make,
where it might grow and stand;
Thou causedst it deep root to take,
and it did fill the land.
10The mountains vail'd were with its shade,
as with a covering;
Like goodly cedars were the boughs
which out from it did spring.
11Upon the one hand to the sea
her boughs she did out send;
On th' other side unto the flood
her branches did extend.
12Why hast thou then thus broken down,
and ta'en her hedge away?
So that all passengers do pluck,
and make of her a prey.
13The boar who from the forest comes
doth waste it at his pleasure;
The wild beast of the field also
devours it out of measure.
14O God of hosts, we thee beseech,
return now unto thine;
Look down from heav'n in love, behold,
and visit this thy vine:
15This vineyard, which thine own right hand
hath planted us among;
And that same branch, which for thyself
thou hast made to be strong.
16Burnt up it is with flaming fire,
it also is cut down:
They utterly are perished,
when as thy face doth frown.
17O let thy hand be still upon
the Man of thy right hand,
The Son of man, whom for thyself
thou madest strong to stand.
18So henceforth we will not go back,
nor turn from thee at all:
O do thou quicken us,
and we upon thy name will call.
19Turn us again,
Lord God of hosts,
and upon us vouchsafe
To make thy countenance to shine,
and so we shall be safe.
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Psalms 80: MP1650
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Psalms 80
80
Psalm 80#sn Psalm 80. The psalmist laments Israel’s demise and asks the Lord to show favor toward his people, as he did in earlier times.
For the music director; according to the shushan-eduth style;#tn The Hebrew expression shushan-eduth means “lily of the testimony.” It may refer to a particular music style or to a tune title. See the superscription to Ps 60. a psalm of Asaph.
1 O shepherd of Israel, pay attention,
you who lead Joseph like a flock of sheep!
You who sit enthroned above the winged angels,#sn Winged angels (Heb “cherubs”). Cherubs, as depicted in the OT, possess both human and animal (lion, ox, and eagle) characteristics (see Ezek 1:10; 10:14, 21; 41:18). They are pictured as winged creatures (Exod 25:20; 37:9; 1 Kgs 6:24-27; Ezek 10:8, 19) and serve as the very throne of God when the ark of the covenant is in view (Ps 99:1; see Num 7:89; 1 Sam 4:4; 2 Sam 6:2; 2 Kgs 19:15). The picture of the Lord seated on the cherubs suggests they might be used by him as a vehicle, a function they carry out in Ezek 1:22-28 (the “living creatures” mentioned here are identified as cherubs in Ezek 10:20). In Ps 18:10 the image of a cherub serves to personify the wind. reveal your splendor!#tn Heb “shine forth.”sn Reveal your splendor. The psalmist may allude to Deut 33:2, where God “shines forth” from Sinai and comes to superintend Moses’ blessing of the tribes.
2 In the sight of Ephraim, Benjamin, and Manasseh reveal#tn Heb “stir up”; “arouse.” your power!
Come and deliver us!#tn Heb “come for our deliverance.”
3 O God, restore us!
Smile on us!#tn The idiom “cause your face to shine” probably refers to a smile (see Eccl 8:1), which in turn suggests favor and blessing (see Num 6:25; Pss 4:6; 31:16; 44:3; 67:1; 89:15; Dan 9:17). Then we will be delivered!#tn Heb “cause your face to shine in order that we may be delivered.” After the imperative, the cohortative with prefixed vav (ו) indicates purpose/result.
4 O Lord God, invincible warrior!#tn Heb “Lord, God, hosts.” One expects the construct form אֱלֹהֵי (’elohey) before צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot; “hosts”; see Ps 89:9), but יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים (yehvah ’elohim) precedes צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot) in Pss 59:5 and 84:8 as well. In this context the term “hosts” (meaning “armies”) has been rendered “invincible warrior.”
How long will you remain angry at your people while they pray to you?#tn Heb “How long will you remain angry during the prayer of your people.” Some take the preposition -בְּ (bet) in an adversative sense here (“at/against the prayer of your people”), but the temporal sense is preferable. The psalmist expects persistent prayer to pacify God.
5 You have given them tears as food;#tn Heb “you have fed them the food of tears.”
you have made them drink tears by the measure.#tn Heb “[by] the third part [of a measure].” The Hebrew term שָׁלִישׁ (shalish, “third part [of a measure]”) occurs only here and in Isa 40:12.
6 You have made our neighbors dislike us,#tn Heb “you have made us an object of contention to our neighbors.”
and our enemies insult us.
7 O God, invincible warrior,#tn Heb “O God, hosts.” One expects the construct form אֱלֹהֵי before צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot, “hosts”; see Ps 89:9), but יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים (yehvah ’elohim) precedes צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot) in Pss 59:5 and 84:8 as well. See also v. 4 for a similar construction. restore us!
Smile on us!#tn The idiom “cause your face to shine” probably refers to a smile (see Eccl 8:1), which in turn suggests favor and blessing (see Num 6:25; Pss 4:6; 31:16; 44:3; 67:1; 89:15; Dan 9:17). Then we will be delivered!#tn Heb “cause your face to shine in order that we may be delivered.” After the imperative, the cohortative with prefixed vav (ו) indicates purpose/result.
8 You uprooted a vine#sn The vine is here a metaphor for Israel (see Ezek 17:6-10; Hos 10:1). from Egypt;
you drove out nations and transplanted it.
9 You cleared the ground for it;#tn Heb “you cleared away before it.”
it took root,#tn Heb “and it took root [with] its roots.”
and filled the land.
10 The mountains were covered by its shadow,
the highest cedars#tn Heb “cedars of God.” The divine name אֵל (’al, “God”) is here used in an idiomatic manner to indicate the superlative. by its branches.
11 Its branches reached the Mediterranean Sea,#tn Heb “to [the] sea.” The “sea” refers here to the Mediterranean Sea.
and its shoots the Euphrates River.#tn Heb “to [the] river.” The “river” is the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia. Israel expanded both to the west and to the east.
12 Why did you break down its walls,#sn The protective walls of the metaphorical vineyard are in view here (see Isa 5:5).
so that all who pass by pluck its fruit?#tn Heb “pluck it.”
13 The wild boars of the forest ruin it;#tn The Hebrew verb כִּרְסֵם (kirsem, “to eat away; to ruin”) occurs only here in the OT.
the insects#tn The precise referent of the Hebrew word translated “insects,” which occurs only here and in Ps 50:11, is uncertain. Aramaic, Arabic, and Akkadian cognates refer to insects, such as locusts or crickets. of the field feed on it.
14 O God, invincible warrior,#tn Heb “O God, hosts.” One expects the construct form אֱלֹהֵי before צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot, “hosts”; see Ps 89:9), but יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים (yehvah ’elohim) precedes צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot) in Pss 59:5 and 84:8 as well. See also vv. 4, 7 for a similar construction. come back!
Look down from heaven and take notice!
Take care of this vine,
15 the root#tn The Hebrew noun occurs only here in the OT. HALOT 483 s.v. III כֵּן emends the form to כַּנָּהּ (kannah, “its shoot”). your right hand planted,
the shoot you made to grow!#tn Heb “and upon a son you strengthened for yourself.” In this context, where the extended metaphor of the vine dominates, בֵּן (ben, “son”) probably refers to the shoots that grow from the vine. Cf. Gen 49:22.
16 It is burned#tn Heb “burned with fire.” and cut down.
They die because you are displeased with them.#tn Heb “because of the rebuke of your face they perish.”
17 May you give support to the one you have chosen,#tn Heb “may your hand be upon the man of your right hand.” The referent of the otherwise unattested phrase “man of your right hand,” is unclear. It may refer to the nation collectively as a man. (See the note on the word “yourself” in v. 17b.)
to the one whom you raised up for yourself!#tn Heb “upon the son of man you strengthened for yourself.” In its only other use in the Book of Psalms, the phrase “son of man” refers to the human race in general (see Ps 8:4). Here the phrase may refer to the nation collectively as a man. Note the use of the statement “you strengthened for yourself” both here and in v. 15, where the “son” (i.e., the branch of the vine) refers to Israel.
18 Then we will not turn away from you.
Revive us and we will pray to you!#tn Heb “and in your name we will call.”
19 O Lord God, invincible warrior,#tn Heb “O Lord, God, hosts.” One expects the construct form אֱלֹהֵי before צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot, “hosts”; see Ps 89:9), but יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים (yehvah ’elohim) precedes צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot) in Pss 59:5 and 84:8 as well. See also vv. 4, 7, 14 for a similar construction. restore us!
Smile on us!#tn The idiom “cause your face to shine” probably refers to a smile (see Eccl 8:1), which in turn suggests favor and blessing (see Num 6:25; Pss 4:6; 31:16; 44:3; 67:1; 89:15; Dan 9:17). Then we will be delivered!#tn Heb “cause your face to shine in order that we may be delivered.” After the imperative, the cohortative with prefixed vav (ו) indicates purpose/result.
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