1 Corinthians 1
1
Salutation
1 From Paul,#tn Grk “Paul.” The word “From” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter. called to be an apostle of Christ Jesus#tc Many important mss, as well as several others (א A Ψ 1739 1881 Ï sy), have a reversed order of these words and read “Jesus Christ” rather than “Christ Jesus” (Ì46 B D F G 33 it). The meaning is not affected in either case, but the reading “Christ Jesus” is preferred both because it has somewhat better attestation and because it is slightly more difficult and thus more likely the original (a scribe who found it would be prone to change it to the more common expression). At the same time, Paul is fond of the order “Christ Jesus.” As well, the later Pauline letters almost uniformly use this order in the salutations. Thus, on both external and internal grounds, “Christ Jesus” is the preferred reading here. by the will of God, and Sosthenes, our brother, 2 to the church of God that is in Corinth,#map For location see JP1-C2; JP2-C2; JP3-C2; JP4-C2. to those who are sanctified in Christ Jesus, and called to be saints, with all those in every place who call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours.#tn Grk “theirs and ours.” 3 Grace and peace to you#tn Grk “Grace to you and peace.” from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ!
Thanksgiving
4 I always thank my God for you because of the grace of God that was given to you in Christ Jesus. 5 For you were made rich#sn Made rich refers to how God richly blessed the Corinthians with an abundance of spiritual gifts (cf. v. 7). in every way in him, in all your speech and in every kind of knowledge#sn Speech and knowledge refer to the spiritual gifts God had blessed them with (as v. 7 confirms). Paul will discuss certain abuses of their gifts in chapters 12-14, but he thanks God for their giftedness. – 6 just as the testimony about Christ has been confirmed among you – 7 so that you do not lack any spiritual gift as you wait for the revelation#sn The revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ refers to the Lord’s return, when he will be revealed (cf. the reference to the day of our Lord Jesus Christ in v. 8). of our Lord Jesus Christ. 8 He#tn Grk “who,” referring to Christ. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. will also strengthen you to the end, so that you will be blameless on the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. 9 God is faithful, by whom you were called into fellowship with his son, Jesus Christ our Lord.
Divisions in the Church
10 I urge you, brothers and sisters,#tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” as here (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited). by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to agree together,#tn Grk “that you all say the same thing.” to end your divisions,#tn Grk “that there be no divisions among you.” and to be united by the same mind and purpose.#tn Grk “that you be united in/by the same mind and in/by the same purpose.” 11 For members of Chloe’s household have made it clear to me, my brothers and sisters,#tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:10. that there are quarrels#tn Or “rivalries, disputes.” among you. 12 Now I mean this, that#tn Or “And I say this because.” each of you is saying, “I am with Paul,” or “I am with Apollos,” or “I am with Cephas,” or “I am with Christ.” 13 Is Christ divided? Paul wasn’t crucified for you, was he?#tn Questions prefaced with μή (mh) in Greek anticipate a negative answer. This can sometimes be indicated by using a “tag” at the end in English (here the tag is “was he?”). Or were you in fact baptized in the name of Paul?#tn This third question marks a peak in which Paul’s incredulity at the Corinthians’ attitude is in focus. The words “in fact” have been supplied in the translation to make this rhetorical juncture clear. 14 I thank God#tc The oldest and most important witnesses to this text, as well as a few others (א* B 6 1739 sams bopt), lack the words τῷ θεῷ (tw qew, “God”), while the rest have them. An accidental omission could well account for the shorter reading, especially since θεῷ would have been written as a nomen sacrum (eucaristwtwqMw). However, one might expect to see, in some mss at least, a dropping of the article but not the divine name. Internally, the Pauline introductory thanksgivings elsewhere always include τῷ θεῷ after εὐχαριστῶ (eucaristw, “I thank”; cf. Rom 1:8; 1 Cor 1:4; Phil 1:3; Phlm 4; in the plural, note Col 1:3; 1 Thess 1:2). However, both the fact that this is already used in 1 Cor 1:4 (thus perhaps motivating scribes to add it ten verses later), and that in later portions of his letters Paul does not consistently use the collocation of εὐχαριστῶ with τῷ θεῷ (Rom 16:4; 1 Cor 10:30), might give one pause. Still, nowhere else in the corpus Paulinum do we see a sentence begin with εὐχαριστῶ without an accompanying τῷ θεῷ. A decision is difficult, but on balance it is probably best to retain the words. that I did not baptize any of you except Crispus and Gaius, 15 so that no one can say that you were baptized in my name! 16 (I also baptized the household of Stephanus. Otherwise, I do not remember whether I baptized anyone else.) 17 For Christ did not send me to baptize, but to preach the gospel – and not with clever speech, so that the cross of Christ would not become useless.#tn Grk “would not be emptied.”
The Message of the Cross
18 For the message about the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God. 19 For it is written, “I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and I will thwart the cleverness of the intelligent.”#sn A quotation from Isa 29:14. 20 Where is the wise man? Where is the expert in the Mosaic law?#tn Grk “the scribe.” The traditional rendering of γραμματεύς (grammateu") as “scribe” does not communicate much to the modern English reader, for whom the term might mean “professional copyist,” if it means anything at all. The people referred to here were recognized experts in the law of Moses and in traditional laws and regulations. Thus “expert in the Mosaic law” comes closer to the meaning for the modern reader. Where is the debater of this age? Has God not made the wisdom of the world foolish? 21 For since in the wisdom of God the world by its wisdom did not know God, God was pleased to save those who believe by the foolishness of preaching. 22 For Jews demand miraculous signs and Greeks ask for wisdom, 23 but we preach about a crucified Christ,#tn Or “Messiah”; Grk “preach Christ [Messiah] crucified,” giving the content of the message. a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles. 24 But to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ is the power of God and the wisdom of God. 25 For the foolishness of God is wiser than human wisdom,#tn Grk “than men.” and the weakness of God is stronger than human strength.#tn Grk “than men.”
26 Think about the circumstances of your call,#tn Grk “Think about your calling.” “Calling” in Paul’s writings usually refers to God’s work of drawing people to faith in Christ. The following verses show that “calling” here stands by metonymy for their circumstances when they became Christians, leading to the translation “the circumstances of your call.” brothers and sisters.#tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:10. Not many were wise by human standards,#tn Grk “according to the flesh.” not many were powerful, not many were born to a privileged position.#tn The Greek word ευγενής (eugenh") refers to the status of being born into nobility, wealth, or power with an emphasis on the privileges and benefits that come with that position. 27 But God chose what the world thinks foolish to shame the wise, and God chose what the world thinks weak to shame the strong. 28 God chose#tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style. what is low and despised in the world, what is regarded as nothing, to set aside what is regarded as something, 29 so that no one can boast in his presence. 30 He is the reason you have a relationship with Christ Jesus,#tn Grk “of him you are in Christ Jesus.” who became for us wisdom from God, and righteousness and sanctification and redemption, 31 so that, as it is written, “Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord.”#sn A quotation from Jer 9:24. The themes of Jer 9 have influenced Paul’s presentation in vv. 26-31. Jeremiah calls upon the wise, the strong, and the wealthy not to trust in their resources but in their knowledge of the true God – and so to boast in the Lord. Paul addresses the same three areas of human pride.
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1 Corinthians 1
1
1Sha’ul [desired], called [to be] an apostle of Yeshua [God is Salvation] Moshiach [Messiah] through the will of God-The Father, and Sosthenes [saviour of his nation] [our] brother,
2Unto the church of God-The Father which is at Corinth [satiated], to them that are sanctified in Moshiach [Messiah] Yeshua [God is Salvation], called [to be] saints, with all that in every place call upon the name of Yeshua [God is Salvation] Moshiach [Messiah] our Lord - Kurios, both theirs and ours:
3Grace [be] unto you, and peace, from God-The Father our Father, and [from] the Lord - Kurios [he to whom a person belongs] Yeshua [God is Salvation] Moshiach [Messiah].
4I thank my God-The Father always on your behalf, for the grace of God-The Father which is given you by Yeshua [God is Salvation] Moshiach [Messiah];
5That in every thing you2f are enriched by him, in all utterance, and [in] all knowledge;
6Even as the testimony of Moshiach [Messiah] was confirmed in you:
7So that you2f come behind in no gift; waiting for the coming of our Lord - Kurios [he to whom a person belongs] Yeshua [God is Salvation] Moshiach [Messiah]:
8Who shall also confirm you unto the end, [that you2f may be] blameless in the day of our Lord - Kurios [he to whom a person belongs] Yeshua [God is Salvation] Moshiach [Messiah].
9God-The Father [is] faithful, by whom you2f were called unto the fellowship of his Son Yeshua [God is Salvation] Moshiach [Messiah] our Lord - Kurios.
10Now I beseech (to call upon; appeal; beg) you, brethren, by the name of our Lord - Kurios [he to whom a person belongs] Yeshua [God is Salvation] Moshiach [Messiah], that you2f all speak the same thing, and [that] there be no divisions among you; but [that] you2f be perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same judgment.
11For it has been declared unto me of you, my brethren, by them [which are of the house] of Chloe, that there are contentions among you.
12Now this I say, that every one of you says, I am of Sha’ul [desired]; and I of Apollos [given by Apollo (etymology uncertain)]; and I of Kefa [pebble]; and I of Moshiach [Messiah].
13Is Moshiach [Messiah] divided? was Sha’ul [desired] crucified for you? or were you2f baptized in the name of Sha’ul [desired]?
14I thank God-The Father that I baptized none of you, but Crispus [curled] and Gaius [lord];
15Lest any should say that I had baptized in my own name.
16And I baptized also the household of Stephanas [crowned]: besides, I know not whether I baptized any other.
17For Moshiach [Messiah] sent me not to baptize, but to preach the Gospel (joyful message): not with wisdom of words, lest the stake (cross) of Moshiach [Messiah] should be made of none effect.
18For the preaching of the stake (cross) is to them that are perishing foolishness; but unto us which are being saved it is the power of God-The Father.
19For it is written, I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and will bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent.
20Where [is] the wise? where [is] the scribe? where [is] the disputer of this world? has not God-The Father made foolish the wisdom of this world?
21For after that in the wisdom of God-The Father the world by wisdom knew not God-The Father, it pleased God-The Father by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe.
22For the Y’hudim (Judeans) [praised of Yah] require a sign, and the Greeks [unstable: miry ones] seek after wisdom:
23But we preach Moshiach [Messiah] crucified, unto the Y’hudim (Judeans) [praised of Yah] a stumblingblock, and unto the Greeks [unstable: miry ones] foolishness;
24But unto them which are called, both Y’hudim (Judeans) [praised of Yah] and Greeks [unstable: miry ones], Moshiach [Messiah] the power of God-The Father, and the wisdom of God-The Father.
25Because the foolishness of God-The Father is wiser than men; and the weakness of God-The Father is stronger than men.
26For you2f see your calling, brethren, how that not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, [are called]:
27But God-The Father has chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise; and God-The Father has chosen the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty;
28And base things of the world, and things which are despised, has God-The Father chosen, [yes], and things which are not, to bring to nothing things that are:
29That no flesh should glory in his presence.
30But of him are you2f in Moshiach [Messiah] Yeshua [God is Salvation], who of God-The Father is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption:
31That, according as it is written, He that glories, let him glory in the Lord - Kurios.
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