1 Corinthians 15
15
The “heart and soul” of Paul’s gospel
1Now for the fundamental truth of my teaching, — not mine, but what I received, the same that was given to me, and that I handed on to you, — 2the Gospel which supports you and is saving you, and will save you to the end, if your faith fail not! 3This is the heart and soul of that Gospel as I received it and gave it to you, and the whole of it is contained in this, that according to the meaning of the Scriptures 4the Christ died for our sins and was buried, and then according to the same truth of the Scriptures the Christ rose on the third day. 5The witnesses of this resurrection are first Cephas, then the twelve, 6then over five hundred brethren most of whom are alive at the present day, 7then James, then all the Apostles. These all saw him alive and triumphant after death, and the appearances were in the order I have mentioned. 8And last of all I myself saw the risen Christ, 9last as though I were the least and unworthiest of all, the persecutor that is to say of that divine Church of God, which is His infinite body. 10But the grace of God pierced even down to those depths where I lay, and made me such as I am, and abode with me, in my labours, labours exceeding those of all the others; for the grace of God has worked with me in an extraordinary manner in every way, not only in my first conversion from the lowest depths of opposition to God but in my subsequent labours. 11This then is the gist and burden of the message, I care not who it be that preaches it, whether I or they.
The Christ did conquer death
12Then what means this contention amongst some of you that the dead do not rise? 13-16But the Christ did rise. For death came through Adam, it came through a man, and through a man must come eternal life. If in Adam all die, then must death be conquered where it began, in a man. So rose the Christ from the dead. But if you say there is no resurrection from the dead, then neither did the Christ rise from the dead, and the whole of our teaching collapses, 17it falls to earth, empty, void, a perfect nothing, a falsity. 18The testimony we bear concerning God, namely, that He raised the Christ-man from the dead, has no meaning in it. 19If the Christ exists for this world only and has no eternal existence, we are the most miserable of all the dwellers on this planet!
20But the Christ has risen, and his rising is the commencement of a similar resurrection for the whole world. 21-22His re-appearance after death is like the first fruits of a mighty harvest. 23The increase and growth of this vast divine process will first include all who belong to him, when his eternal presence will become apparent throughout the world; 24and this process will continue till “the end” when there shall exist not one single power, influence or authority that moves contrary to His will, but everything will be subordinate to the infinite God and Father of All, the Creator. 25-27Everything that opposes must be reversed and subdued just there where it arose, namely in man on earth, until there be nothing left that opposes, and until death itself has been completely obliterated. That will be the end, when death is ended, and God is All-in-all, and even the Christ that saves and redeems exists only as the eternally perfect son subject to the infinite Father, there being no more enemies from which to save and redeem us, thus fulfilling the meaning of the Scriptures. For the reign of the Christ will continue on earth for a finite period, namely, until “He has made his enemies his foot-stool” (Ps. 110:1), until all finite death-conditioned things are overruled. “He hath put all things under his feet” (Ps. 8:6). 28All things, but not the Christ himself, for though the Christ has appeared amidst these things, he is not their subject, he is not conditioned by them, he is eternally, spiritually royal, existing only as subject to God, the All-in-all. 29That is the only significance of that practice which obtains amongst some of you, whereby the living are baptised on behalf of those already dead. It means that this progressive victory over death will ultimately include all who have died. The purpose of the Christ penetrates far beyond the little sphere of this life. But if you think that the Christ only comes to you on earth and for this life, what significance has this rite of baptism on behalf of those already beyond its pale? Unless they too are changed by the infinite operation of the Christ life, the rite is meaningless. And if the dead rise not, if there be no such victory and struggle at work, what is the significance of present struggles? 30-32I have faced the beasts in the circus before the crowd at Ephesus, I have run every risk, endured every danger, and won through them successfully — that is your boast, and the glory which you accord me for my service of the Christ; but if in this daily death of mine there is no underlying meaning, if it does not mean that even now Christ in me is fighting his victory over death, and successfully putting it under his feet and rescuing me from it, then what is the use of it all? I would rather say with the disobedient “Let us eat and drink; for to-morrow we shall die” (Is. 22:13) for there is no longer any meaning in my struggles. Beware! Do not let sleep overtake you, and your spiritual perception be cheated and fade. 33This is the result, as the tragic poet says, of that “bad company that doth corrupt the good.” 34There are those in your midst who have no knowledge of God. Protect yourselves against their influence.
Paul explains the resurrection
35And now you ask me, How? What is that body which dies not, but comes again? 36How can flesh and blood not perish for ever, but live on immortal? Does it seem so impossible? 37Yet even in nature we see the seed buried in the ground, becoming a shrivelled extinct husk, 38and out of that decay and dissolution springs the new body which the eternal power of God shapes and forms.
Different kinds of bodies
39We see every type and pattern of shape and form given to various existences as their bodies, we see the elements of flesh and blood taking on the form of every type of being, man, beast, fish, bird — all distinct and separate entities with appropriate bodies. 40On the same principle the form of body appropriate to the heavenly and spiritual things of God’s creation is quite other than those which we see clothing things on earth. The things on earth all have their own special beauties, forms, types and their own splendour. And when we come to that which is spiritual and heavenly, we find that that too has its own appropriate expression and glory. 41The sun, moon and stars are glorious bodies, each with its own distinct glory and splendour. 42-44And the Spirit has in a similar manner its own appropriate distinct body, the spiritual species can by no possibility overrun into and mix with a distinct species of earthly things. Hence the contrast so difficult to grasp in the resurrection of the dead, whereby the spiritual species with its appropriate body appears in substitution of the former human expression of life. On the one hand weakness, corruption, dishonour, comparable to the body of a seed which rots and dissolves beneath the layer of soil; and on the other hand power, glory and incorruption, of which the green shapely stalk of corn may be taken as a simile. But the absolute distinctness of species on earth is a lesson to us, whereby the mind grasps the significance of the great spiritual category of things wholly distinct from the earthy. These things possess spiritual bodies and have no connection with earthy bodies. Their glory is distinct.
The distinction between Adam and Christ
45This is the distinction implied by the Bible between Adam, “formed of the dust of the ground,” who became “a living soul,” and that other man who is wholly spiritual with a spiritual body, 46and is conditioned by Spirit only, who gives him his appropriate form. 47This man is of heaven, not of earth, a different order of being, in a different state of existence from that of Adam. 48Now we have known the former man, and we shall also know that distinct and separate man who is a spiritual being. 49We have borne that image which is the appearance of an earthy physical man, we shall also bear that distinct heavenly stamp, the peculiar spiritual mode of being. 50-51For physical flesh and its laws are remote from the life and laws of the kingdom of God. Do not think that one can pass over into and inherit the other. Nature knows of no such amalgamation as that throughout her infinite being. 52Rather there must be a total and absolute change, a complete reversal of the mode of being, which is what the Scriptures imply by “the sounding of the last trump,” when in a timeless instant the spiritual order of being, 53the incorruptible and the eternal comes as a new order of life, a new dress, a new clothing, a new body for man. 54That is the moment at which death draws back its foot; it is at the coming of that new body and life and organism which declare and express the immortality and being of Spirit. Then is it that the words come true: “He hath swallowed up death in victory” (Is. 25:8). 55“Where is thy sting, O death? Where is thy victory, O grave?” (Hos. 13:14), 56because the law which constituted the peculiar life of the old flesh, the law which made that life perishable, and which was in itself the power of sin, antagonistic to the new law of life, that law has given place to the new nature governed by God. 57He gives us the victory through Jesus Christ, and to him arise our thanks and praise therefore. 58Hence no labour of ours is vain, hence we remain steadfast and unmoved, because the work is that of the infinite God, and His action is irrepressible, abounding and never vain.
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1 Corinthians 15: GWC
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Translated in 1916, published in 1937.
1 Corinthians 15
15
1Now I want to remind you about the good news I announced to you. You accepted it, and you have stood firm for it. 2It is through this good news that you are saved if you hold on to the message that I gave you. Otherwise you trusted for nothing! 3I passed on to you what I myself had also received, a message of vital importance: that Christ died for our sins, according to Scripture; 4he was buried and was raised from the dead on the third day, again in accordance with Scripture. 5He appeared to Peter, then to the Twelve. 6After that he appeared to more than five hundred brothers and sisters at the same time, most of whom are still alive today, though some have died. 7He appeared to James, then all the apostles. 8Last of all, he also appeared to me, someone born as it were at the wrong time. 9For I'm the least important apostle of all, not even fit to be called an apostle since I persecuted God's church. 10But by God's grace I am what I am, and his grace given to me wasn't wasted. On the contrary I've worked harder than all of them—though not me, but God's grace working through me. 11So whether it's I or they, this is the message we shared with you that brought you to trust in God.
12Now if the message declares that Christ has been raised from the dead, how is it that some of you say there's no resurrection of the dead? 13If there's no resurrection of the dead then Christ hasn't been raised either. 14And if Christ isn't raised, then our message we shared with you is pointless, and your trust in God is pointless too. 15In addition, we would be shown to be false witnesses of God when we testified that God raised Christ from the dead. But God didn't raise Christ from the dead if it's true that there's no resurrection. 16If the dead are not raised, then Christ hasn't been raised either, 17and if Christ hasn't been raised, then your trust in God is useless, and you are still in your sins. 18This also means that those who died in Christ are lost. 19If our hope in Christ is only for this life, we're the most pitiful people of all!
20But Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits#15:20. The word “firstfruits” refers to the first sample of a harvest that was given as an offering to God, also seen as a guarantee of a successful harvest. Christ as the firstfruits therefore means he is both the initial harvest from the dead and the guarantee of their resurrection. of the harvest from those who have died. 21Just as death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead came through a man. 22Just as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive. 23But each in their own turn: Christ the firstfruits, then those who belong to Christ when he comes. 24After this comes the end, when Christ hands over the kingdom to God the Father, having destroyed#15:24. Destroyed in the sense of ending their power. all rulers, authorities, and powers. 25Christ has to rule until he has put all his enemies under his feet.#15:25. Meaning they have been conquered and humbled. 26The last enemy that will be destroyed is death. 27As Scripture says, “He put everything under his feet.”#15:27. Quoting Psalms 8:6. (Of course when it says “everything” is put under him it's obvious this doesn't refer to God who placed everything under Christ's authority.) 28When everything has been placed under Christ's authority, then the Son will also place himself under God's authority, so that God who gave the Son authority over everything may be all in all.#15:28. “All in all.” Various explanations have been given for this phrase. It is obviously referring to the completeness of God's rulership in the Universe, and is perhaps best translated literally from the original as “all in all.”
29Otherwise what will those people do who are baptized for the dead? If the dead are not raised at all, why then would people be baptized for them?#15:29. The theological meaning of this verse is much debated. However, the actual words are translated simply enough. 30As for us, why do we place ourselves in danger hour after hour? 31I die every day—let me say it bluntly, my brothers and sisters. This is just as sure as the pride I have for what Christ Jesus has done in you. 32Humanly speaking, what would I gain by fighting with those people in Ephesus who were like wild animals, if the dead are not raised? If the dead are not raised, “let's eat and drink, for tomorrow we die”!#15:32. Quoting Isaiah 22:13.
33Don't be fooled: “Bad company ruins good character.” 34Come to your senses as you should, and stop sinning! Some of you don't know God. I tell you this to shame you.
35Of course somebody will ask, “How exactly are the dead raised? What kind of body will they have?” 36What a foolish question! What you sow doesn't sprout into life unless it dies. 37When you sow, you don't sow the plant it will grow into, just the bare seed, whether wheat or whatever you're planting. 38God makes the plant grow into the form he has chosen, and different seeds produce different plants with different forms. 39What living things are made from is not the same. Human beings have one kind of body tissue, while animals have another, birds another, and fish another. 40There are heavenly bodies and earthly bodies. Heavenly bodies have one kind of beauty, earthly bodies another. 41The sun shines in one way, and the moon another, while the stars are different again, with each one shining in a different way.
42It's the same with the resurrection of the dead. The body is sown in decay; it is raised to last forever. 43It is sown in shame; it is raised in glory. It is sown in weakness; it is raised in power. 44It is sown as a natural body; it is raised as a spiritual body. Just as there are natural bodies there are spiritual bodies. 45As Scripture says, “The first man, Adam, became a living being”;#15:45. Quoting Genesis 2:7. but the last Adam a life-giving spirit. 46The spiritual did not come first, but the natural—the spiritual came after that. 47The first man is from the dust of the earth; the second man is from heaven. 48Earthly people are like the man made from the earth; heavenly people are like the man from heaven. 49Just as we bore the likeness of the earthly man so we shall bear the likeness of the man from heaven. 50However, I tell you this, my brothers and sisters: our present bodies#15:50. Literally, “flesh and blood.” cannot inherit the kingdom of God. These decaying bodies cannot inherit what lasts forever.
51Listen, I'm going to reveal a mystery! Not all of us will die—but we will all be changed, 52in a moment, in the blink of an eye, at the sound of the last trumpet. The trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised never to die again, and we will be changed. 53For this perishable body must be clothed with a body that never perishes. This mortal life must be clothed with immortality. 54When this perishable body has been clothed with a body that never perishes, and this mortal life has been clothed with immortality, then the Scripture will come true that says, “Death has been totally conquered and destroyed. 55Death—where's your victory? Death—where's your sting?”#15:55. Referencing Isaiah 25:8; Hosea 13:14. 56The sting that causes death is sin; and the power of sin is the law; 57but praise God who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ. 58So my dear brothers and sisters: be strong, stand firm, doing everything you can for the Lord's work, since you know that nothing you do in the Lord is wasted.
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Dr. Jonathan Gallagher. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Unported License. Version 4.3. For corrections send email to jonathangallagherfbv@gmail.com